NFV, SDN & Wireless Network Infrastructure Market: 2016 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies and Forecasts

Table of Contents

Report 1: The SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Ecosystem: 2016 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts

1 Chapter 1.1: Introduction 22
1.1 Executive Summary 22
1.2 Topics Covered 24
1.3 Forecast Segmentation 25
1.4 Key Questions Answered 27
1.5 Key Findings 28
1.6 Methodology 29
1.7 Target Audience 30
1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned 31

2 Chapter 1.2: An Overview of SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization 35
2.1 What is Network Virtualization? 35
2.2 What is SDN (Software Defined Networking)? 36
2.3 SDN Protocols 36
2.3.1 OpenFlow 37
2.3.2 BGP-TE (Border Gateway Protocol  - Traffic Engineering) 37
2.3.3 PCEP (Path Computation Element Protocol) 38
2.3.4 I2RS (Interface to the Routing System) 38
2.3.5 VxLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) 39
2.3.6 ALTO (Application Layer Traffic Optimization) 39
2.3.7 IETF Software Driven Networks 39
2.4 SDN Implementation Approaches 40
2.4.1 Network Virtualization Approach 40
2.4.2 Evolutionary Approach 40
2.4.3 The “Central Control” Approach 41
2.5 What is NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)? 42
2.6 NFV Enabling Technologies 43
2.6.1 Cloud Computing and Network Virtualization 43
2.6.2 Open Management and Control Protocols 43
2.6.3 Industry Standard High-Volume Servers 43
2.7 NFV Implementation Architecture 44
2.7.1 NFVI (NFV Infrastructure) 44
2.7.1.1 Hardware Resources 44
2.7.1.2 Virtualized Resources 44
2.7.2 VNFs (Virtualized Network Functions) 45
2.7.3 NFV-MANO (NFV-Management and Orchestration) 45
2.7.3.1 VIM (Virtualized Infrastructure Manager) 45
2.7.3.2 Orchestrator 45
2.7.3.3 VNF Manager 46
2.8 How SDN and NFV Differ from Each Other? 46
2.8.1 Similarities and Differences 46
2.8.2 Can Both Technologies Complement Each Other? 47
2.8.3 How Are Vendors Positioning their Solutions? 47
2.9 Market Drivers 48
2.9.1 Leveraging Generic Low-cost Hardware 48
2.9.2 Multi-tenancy on Same Hardware 48
2.9.3 Reduced Power Consumption 48
2.9.4 Faster TTM (Time to Market) 48
2.9.5 Improved Operational Efficiency & Performance 49
2.9.6 Centralized Provisioning and Network Control 49
2.9.7 Ability to Launch New Services & Virtual Networks Quickly 49
2.9.8 Dynamic Scaling of Services 50
2.9.9 Opening the Door to Multi-vendor Interoperability 50
2.9.10 CapEx and OpEx Reduction 50
2.9.11 Fast Troubleshooting and Improved Diagnostics 50
2.9.12 Vendor Support 50
2.10 Market Barriers 51
2.10.1 Lack of Standardization & Technology Maturity 51
2.10.2 Uncertain Cost-Benefits Tradeoffs 51
2.10.3 NFV May Slow/Delay Traffic 51
2.10.4 Will Multi-vendor Interoperability Really Work? 52
2.10.5 Co-Existence with Legacy Networks: Integration Challenges 52

3 Chapter 1.3: SDN & NFV Use Case Scenarios 53
3.1 Enterprise, Data Center & Generic Use Cases 53
3.1.1 Network Virtualization 53
3.1.2 Scalable Data Centers 53
3.1.3 SD-WAN (Software Defined WAN) 54
3.1.4 Tap Aggregation 54
3.1.5 Dynamic WAN Re-Routing 55
3.1.6 Network Exchange: Interconnecting Physical Networks 55
3.1.7 Improved Traffic Engineering 55
3.1.8 Converged Storage 56
3.2 Service Provider Centric Use Cases 57
3.2.1 RAN Virtualization 57
3.2.2 C-RAN (Cloud RAN) 58
3.2.3 Wireline Fixed Access Network Virtualization 59
3.2.4 CPE & Home Network Environment Virtualization 60
3.2.5 Mobile Backhaul Virtualization 61
3.2.6 EPC/Mobile Core Virtualization 61
3.2.7 IMS & VoLTE Virtualization 63
3.2.8 DPI Virtualization 63
3.2.9 Policy Functions Virtualization 64
3.2.10 Virtual Routers 64
3.2.11 Virtualization & Control of Security Functions 64
3.2.12 Virtualization of CDNs 65
3.2.13 Service Chaining 65
3.2.14 Bandwidth on Demand 66
3.2.15 Packet-Optical Integration 67
3.2.16 SDN/NFV Iaas (Infrastructure as a Service) 67
3.2.17 VNFaas (Virtual Network Function as a Service) 68
3.2.18 VNPaaS (Virtual Network Platform as a Service) 68

4 Chapter 1.4: SDN & NFV Deployment Case Studies 70
4.1 Service Provider Deployment Case Studies 70
4.1.1 AT&T 70
4.1.2 BT Group 72
4.1.3 China Mobile 74
4.1.4 DT (Deutsche Telekom) 76
4.1.5 Etisalat 77
4.1.6 IIJ (Internet Initiative Japan) 78
4.1.7 KDDI Corporation 79
4.1.8 KT Corporation 80
4.1.9 LG Uplus 81
4.1.10 NAKA Mobile 82
4.1.11 NTT Communications 83
4.1.12 NTT DoCoMo 84
4.1.13 PT (Portugal Telecom) /Oi 86
4.1.14 SingTel 87
4.1.15 SK Telecom 88
4.1.16 SoftBank 90
4.1.17 Telekom Austria Group 92
4.1.18 Telstra 93
4.1.19 Telefónica 94
4.1.20 Verizon 95
4.1.21 Vodafone Group 96
4.2 Enterprise & Data Center Deployment Case Studies 97
4.2.1 Baidu 97
4.2.2 Citigroup 98
4.2.3 City of Avondale 99
4.2.4 Equinix 100
4.2.5 Fidelity Investments 101
4.2.6 Google 102
4.2.7 Kanazawa University Hospital 103
4.2.8 Microsoft 104
4.2.9 Nippon Express 105
4.2.10 Paddy Power Betfair 106
4.2.11 Produban 107
4.2.12 Shutterfly 108
4.2.13 U2 Cloud 109
4.2.14 UBM Tech 110

5 Chapter 1.5: Industry Roadmap and Value Chain 111
5.1 The SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Value Chain 111
5.1.1 Silicon & Server OEMs 112
5.1.2 Pure-play SDN/NFV Specialists 112
5.1.3 Network Infrastructure Vendors 112
5.1.4 IT Industry Giants 113
5.1.5 Mobile Infrastructure Vendors 113
5.1.6 Policy, OSS, BSS & Other Software Vendors 113
5.1.7 Enterprises 114
5.1.8 Service Providers 114
5.1.9 Data Center Operators 114
5.2 The SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Industry Roadmap: 2016 - 2030 115
5.2.1 2016 – 2020: Moving Towards Network Wide Orchestration 115
5.2.2 2020 – 2025: Large Scale Proliferation in Service Provider Networks 116
5.2.3 2025 – 2030: Continued Investments with 5G Rollouts 116

6 Chapter 1.6: Standardization Bodies & Alliances 117
6.1 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) 117
6.2 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) 117
6.3 Cloud NFV 118
6.4 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) 119
6.5 IRTF (Internet Research Task Force) 119
6.6 ITU (International Telecommunications Union) 120
6.7 MEF (Metro Ethernet Forum) 120
6.8 ONF (Open Networking Foundation) 121
6.9 OpenDaylight 122
6.10 OpenStack Foundation 123
6.11 ONRC (Open Networking Research Center) and ON.Lab (Open Networking Lab) 124
6.12 OPNFV (Open Platform for NFV) 125
6.13 OVA (Open Virtualization Alliance) 125
6.14 OMG (Object Management Group) 126
6.15 TM Forum 126
6.16 Vendor Led Initiatives & Ecosystem Programs 127
6.16.1 Nokia CloudBand Ecosystem Program 127
6.16.2 Ciena Blue Orbit Ecosystem 128
6.16.3 HP OpenNFV Application Partner Program 128
6.16.4 HP SDN Ecosystem Alliance 128
6.16.5 NEC SDN Partner Space 129
6.16.6 Intel Network Builders Program 129
6.16.7 Titanium Cloud Partner Program 130
6.16.8 Juniper Technology Partner Program 130
6.16.9 Red Hat NFV Ecosystem 130
6.16.10 Amdocs Network Cloud Ecosystem 131

7 Chapter 1.7: Company Profiles 132
7.1 6WIND 132
7.2 A10 Networks 133
7.3 Accedian Networks 134
7.4 Accton Technology Corporation 135
7.5 Active Broadband Networks 136
7.6 Actus Networks 137
7.7 ADARA Networks 138
7.8 Adax 139
7.9 ADLINK Technology 140
7.10 ADTRAN 141
7.11 ADVA Optical Networking 142
7.12 Affirmed Networks 143
7.13 Agema Systems 144
7.14 Akamai Technologies 145
7.15 ALAXALA Networks Corporation 146
7.16 Albis Technologies 147
7.17 Allied Telesis 148
7.18 Allot Communications 149
7.19 Alpha Networks 150
7.20 ALTEN Calsoft Labs 151
7.21 Altiostar Networks 152
7.22 Alvarion Technologies 153
7.23 AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) 154
7.24 Amdocs 155
7.25 ANEVIA 156
7.26 Argela 157
7.27 Aricent 158
7.28 Arista Networks 159
7.29 Arkoon Netasq 160
7.30 ARM Holdings 161
7.31 ARRIS Group 162
7.32 Artesyn Embedded Technologies 163
7.33 ASOCS 164
7.34 Astellia 165
7.35 AudioCodes 166
7.36 Avaya 167
7.37 Barracuda Networks 168
7.38 Big Switch Networks 169
7.39 BlueCoat 170
7.40 Brain4Net 171
7.41 Broadcom 172
7.42 Broadpeak 173
7.43 BroadSoft 174
7.44 Brocade 175
7.45 BTI Systems 177
7.46 Canoga Perkins 178
7.47 Canonical 179
7.48 Catbird Networks 180
7.49 Cavium 181
7.50 Cedexis 182
7.51 Cellwize 183
7.52 Centec Networks 184
7.53 Ceragon Networks 185
7.54 Certes Networks 186
7.55 Check Point Software Technologies 187
7.56 Ciena Corporation 188
7.57 Cisco Systems 189
7.58 Citrix Systems 191
7.59 Clavister 192
7.60 ClearPath Networks 193
7.61 CloudWeaver 194
7.62 Cobham Wireless 195
7.63 Cohesive Networks 196
7.64 Colt Technology Services Group 197
7.65 Comodo Security Solutions 198
7.66 Compass-EOS 199
7.67 Comptel 200
7.68 Concurrent 201
7.69 Coriant 202
7.70 Corsa Technology 203
7.71 CSC (Computer Sciences Corporation) 204
7.72 Cumulus Networks 205
7.73 Dell 206
7.74 Dialogic 208
7.75 Docker 209
7.76 Dorado Software 210
7.77 ECI Telecom 211
7.78 Edgeware 212
7.79 Ekinops 213
7.80 Elemental Technologies 214
7.81 EMC Corporation 215
7.82 EnterpriseWeb 216
7.83 Ericsson 217
7.84 EXFO 218
7.85 Extreme Networks 219
7.86 F5 Networks 220
7.87 FibroLAN 221
7.88 Flash Networks 222
7.89 Flextronics International 223
7.90 Fortinet 224
7.91 FRAFOS 225
7.92 Fujitsu 226
7.93 GENBAND 227
7.94 Gencore Systems 228
7.95 Gigamon 229
7.96 GigaSpaces Technologies 230
7.97 Guavus 231
7.98 H3C Technologies 232
7.99 Harmonic 233
7.100 Hitachi 234
7.101 HP (Hewlett-Packard) 235
7.102 Huawei 237
7.103 HyTrust 239
7.104 IBM 240
7.105 Illumio 242
7.106 Imagine Communications Corporation 243
7.107 Infinera 244
7.108 Infoblox 245
7.109 Inocybe Technologies 246
7.110 Intel Corporation 247
7.111 Interface Masters Technologies 249
7.112 Intracom Telecom 250
7.113 Intune Networks 251
7.114 IP Infusion 252
7.115 IPgallery 254
7.116 iPhotonix 255
7.117 IPITEK 256
7.118 Italtel 257
7.119 iwNetworks 258
7.120 Ixia 259
7.121 Juniper 260
7.122 KEMP Technologies 262
7.123 Lemko Corporation 263
7.124 Lenovo 264
7.125 Lumeta Corporation 265
7.126 Luxoft Holding 266
7.127 Maipu Communication Technology 267
7.128 Marvell Technology Group 268
7.129 MatrixStream Technologies 269
7.13 MediaTek 270
7.131 Mellanox Technologies 271
7.132 Metaswitch Networks 273
7.133 Microsoft 274
7.134 Midokura 275
7.135 Mirantis 276
7.136 Mitel Networks Corporation 277
7.137 Mojatatu Networks 278
7.138 MRV Communications 279
7.139 Nakina Systems 280
7.14 Napatech 281
7.141 NCLC (NCL Communication) 282
7.142 NEC Corporation 283
7.143 NetCracker Technology 285
7.144 NETGEAR 286
7.145 Netronome 287
7.146 Netrounds 288
7.147 NetScout Systems 289
7.148 NetYCE 290
7.149 NFVWare 291
7.15 Nokia Networks 292
7.151 Nominum 294
7.152 NoviFlow 295
7.153 NTT Communications 296
7.154 NXP Semiconductors 297
7.155 Omnitron Systems 298
7.156 Openet 299
7.157 Openwave Mobility 300
7.158 Opera Software 301
7.159 Optelian 302
7.16 Oracle Corporation 303
7.161 Orchestral networks 305
7.162 Overture Networks 306
7.163 OX (Open-Xchange) 307
7.164 Ozono Security 308
7.165 Packet Ship Technologies 309
7.166 Padtec 310
7.167 Parallel Wireless 311
7.168 Palo Alto Networks 312
7.169 Panda Security 313
7.17 Pantheon Technologies 314
7.171 PeerApp 315
7.172 Penguin 316
7.173 Pertino 317
7.174 Pica8 318
7.175 Plexxi 319
7.176 PLUMgrid 320
7.177 Pluribus Networks 322
7.178 Polatis 323
7.179 Procera Networks 324
7.18 Qosmos 325
7.181 Qualcomm 326
7.182 Quanta Computer 327
7.183 Quortus 328
7.184 Rackspace 329
7.185 RAD Data Communications 330
7.186 Radisys Corporation 331
7.187 Radware 332
7.188 Rapid7 333
7.189 Realtek Semiconductor Corporation 334
7.19 Red Hat 335
7.191 Redknee 336
7.192 RightScale 337
7.193 Riverbed Technology 338
7.194 Ruckus Wireless 339
7.195 Saisei 341
7.196 Samsung Electronics 342
7.197 Sandvine 343
7.198 Sansay 344
7.199 Sencore 345
7.2 SevOne 346
7.201 Silver Peak Systems 347
7.202 Sonus Networks 348
7.203 Sophos 349
7.204 Sorrento Networks 350
7.205 SpiderCloud Wireless 351
7.206 Spirent Communications 352
7.207 StackIQ 353
7.208 SunTec Business Solutions 354
7.209 Supermicro (Super Micro Computer) 355
7.21 Svarog Technology Group 356
7.211 Symantec Corporation 357
7.212 SysMaster 358
7.213 Tango Telecom 359
7.214 TE Connectivity 360
7.215 Tejas Networks 361
7.216 Telchemy 362
7.217 Telco Systems 364
7.218 Telcoware 365
7.219 Telum 366
7.22 Thomson Video Networks 367
7.221 TI (Texas Instruments) 368
7.222 Tieto 369
7.223 TitanHQ 370
7.224 Trend Micro 371
7.225 UBIqube 372
7.226 Ultra Electronics AEP 373
7.227 UTStarcom 374
7.228 vArmour 375
7.229 Versa Networks 376
7.23 Veryx Technologies 377
7.231 Viavi Solutions 378
7.232 VMware 379
7.233 WatchGuard Technologies 381
7.234 Wavenet 382
7.235 WebNMS 383
7.236 Wedge Networks 384
7.237 Wipro 385
7.238 Wowza Media Systems 386
7.239 Xilinx 387
7.24 XOR Media 388
7.241 Xtera Communications 389
7.242 Xura 390
7.243 Zhone Technologies 391
7.244 ZTE 392

8 Chapter 1.8: Market Analysis & Forecasts 393
8.1 Global Outlook of SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 393
8.2 User Base Segmentation 394
8.2.1 Enterprises & Data Centers 394
8.2.2 Service Providers 395
8.3 Submarket Segmentation 395
8.3.1 SDN Hardware & Software 396
8.3.2 NFV Hardware & Software 396
8.3.3 Other Network Virtualization Software 397
8.3.4 Service Provider Submarket Segmentation 397
8.4 SDN Submarket Revenue: 2016 - 2030 398
8.4.1 User Base Segmentation 398
8.4.2 Service Provider SDN 398
8.4.3 Enterprise & Data Center SDN 399
8.5 NFV Submarket Revenue: 2016 - 2030 400
8.5.1 Hardware Appliances 400
8.5.2 Orchestration & Management Software 401
8.5.3 VNF Software 401
8.6 Service Provider SDN Submarket Revenue: 2016 - 2030 402
8.6.1 SDN-Enabled Hardware Appliances 402
8.6.2 Orchestration & Management Software 403
8.6.3 SDN Controller Software 403
8.6.4 Network Applications Software 404
8.7 Enterprise & Data Center SDN Submarket Revenue: 2016 - 2030 405
8.7.1 SDN-Enabled Hardware Appliances 405
8.7.2 SDN-Enabled Virtual Switches 406
8.7.3 SDN Controller Software 406
8.8 Functional Area Segmentation for Service Provider Deployments 407
8.8.1 CDN 407
8.8.2 CPE 408
8.8.3 Data Center 408
8.8.4 EPC/Mobile Core 409
8.8.5 Fixed Access Networks 409
8.8.6 IMS & VoLTE 410
8.8.7 Policy, OSS & BSS 410
8.8.8 RAN 411
8.8.9 Transport & Backhaul 411
8.9 Regional Outlook 412
8.1 Asia Pacific SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 413
8.10.1 Australia 413
8.10.2 China 414
8.10.3 India 414
8.10.4 Japan 415
8.10.5 South Korea 415
8.10.6 Pakistan 416
8.10.7 Thailand 416
8.10.8 Indonesia 417
8.10.9 Malaysia 417
8.10.10 Taiwan 418
8.10.11 Philippines 418
8.10.12 Singapore 419
8.10.13 Rest of Asia Pacific 419
8.11 Eastern Europe SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 420
8.11.1 Czech Republic 420
8.11.2 Poland 421
8.11.3 Russia 421
8.11.4 Rest of Eastern Europe 422
8.12 Latin & Central America SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 423
8.12.1 Argentina 423
8.12.2 Brazil 424
8.12.3 Mexico 424
8.12.4 Rest of Latin & Central America 425
8.13 Middle East & Africa SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 426
8.13.1 South Africa 426
8.13.2 UAE 427
8.13.3 Qatar 427
8.13.4 Saudi Arabia 428
8.13.5 Israel 428
8.13.6 Rest of the Middle East & Africa 429
8.14 North America SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 430
8.14.1 USA 430
8.14.2 Canada 431
8.15 Western Europe SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 432
8.15.1 Denmark 432
8.15.2 Finland 433
8.15.3 France 433
8.15.4 Germany 434
8.15.5 Italy 434
8.15.6 Spain 435
8.15.7 Sweden 435
8.15.8 Norway 436
8.15.9 UK 436
8.15.10 Rest of Western Europe 437

9 Chapter 1.9: Conclusion & Strategic Recommendations 438
9.1 Will SDN & NFV Disrupt the Network Infrastructure Value Chain? 438
9.2 Is There a Ring Leader in the SDN & NFV Ecosystem? 439
9.3 SDN & NFV: Building the Mobile Cloud 439
9.4 Buyers Will Maintain Focus on Business Agility & CapEx Reduction 440
9.5 Avoiding the Proprietary Trap 440
9.6 Will Service Providers Continue to Utilize Proprietary Hardware Platforms? 441
9.7 Making the VoLTE Business Case Work 441
9.8 Growing Adoption of vEPC (Virtualized EPC) Platforms 442
9.9 How Much CapEx Can Service Providers Save with SDN & NFV Investments? 443
9.1 Prospects of SDN & NFV Orchestration 444
9.10.1 Different Vendors, Different Approaches 445
9.10.2 Future Prospects of Harmonization 445
9.11 Strategic Recommendations 446
9.11.1 Recommendations for Silicon & Server OEMs 446
9.11.2 Recommendations for Network & Mobile Infrastructure Vendors & IT Giants 446
9.11.3 Recommendations for Pure-play SDN/NFV Specialists 446
9.11.4 Recommendations for Enterprises and Data Center Operators 447
9.11.5 Recommendations for Service Providers 447

Report 2: The Wireless Network Infrastructure Ecosystem: 2016 – 2030 – Macrocell RAN, Small Cells, C-RAN, RRH, DAS, Carrier Wi-Fi, Mobile Core, Backhaul & Fronthaul

1 Chapter 2.1: Introduction 34
1.1 Executive Summary 34
1.2 Topics Covered 36
1.3 Forecast Segmentation 37
1.4 Key Questions Answered 41
1.5 Key Findings 42
1.6 Methodology 43
1.7 Target Audience 44
1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned 45

2 Chapter 2.2: An Overview of Wireless Network Infrastructure 50
2.1 What is Wireless Network Infrastructure? 50
2.2 2G: GSM & CDMA 51
2.2.1 2G Trends & Developments 51
2.2.2 2G Market Summary 52
2.3 3G: W-CDMA, TD-SCDMA & CDMA2000 52
2.3.1 3G Trends & Developments 53
2.3.2 3G Market Summary 54
2.4 4G: LTE, LTE-Advanced & WiMAX 55
2.4.1 4G Trends & Developments 55
2.4.2 4G Market Summary 55
2.5 5G: IMT-2020 Technologies 57
2.5.1 5G Trends & Developments 57
2.5.2 5G Market Summary 58
2.6 Macrocell RAN 60
2.6.1 Macrocell RAN Trends & Developments 61
2.7 HetNet RAN 62
2.7.1 HetNet RAN Trends & Developments 63
2.7.2 Small Cells 63
2.7.3 C-RAN 63
2.7.4 DAS 64
2.7.5 Carrier Wi-Fi 64
2.8 Mobile Core 65
2.8.1 Mobile Core Trends & Developments 65
2.9 Mobile Backhaul & Fronthaul 67
2.9.1 Mobile Backhaul & Fronthaul Trends & Developments 68

3 Chapter 2.3: Market Drivers, Barriers & Risks 69
3.1 Market Drivers 69
3.1.1 Mobile Subscriptions Growth 69
3.1.2 Smartphone & Tablet Proliferation 70
3.1.3 Growing Penetration of Mobile Broadband 70
3.1.4 Mobile Data Traffic Growth 71
3.1.5 Interest from Vertical Markets 72
3.1.6 Reducing the TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) 73
3.1.7 Replacement of Legacy Infrastructure: Continued Growth in Transport Networking 74
3.1.8 Advances in Spectrum Flexibility & Carrier Aggregation: Driving HetNet Deployments 75
3.1.9 Strategic Choice for CDMA & WiMAX Operators: Join Mainstream Ecosystem 75
3.1.10 Addressing Legacy Network Congestion 75
3.1.11 Bringing Broadband to the Masses 76
3.1.12 Trend Summary: Which Segments of the Wireless Infrastructure Market Will Witness Growth? 76
3.2 Barriers & Risks 76
3.2.1 CapEx Commitments 76
3.2.2 Spectrum Scarcity 77
3.2.3 RAN Sharing: A Concept Embraced by Mobile Operators 77
3.2.4 Operators Are Finding Innovative Ways to Address Capacity Issues 77
3.2.5 Social, Political, Economic and Environmental Threats 78
3.2.6 Country Specific Risks 78
3.3 Key Strategic Options for Mobile Operators 79
3.4 Business Case for Investments in New and Existing Technologies 79
3.4.1 Gain Operational Efficiencies Through Strategic Investments 79
3.4.2 Invest in Capacity for Increased Revenue Opportunities 80
3.4.3 Deliver Best User Experience 80
3.4.4 Reduce Competitive Threats 80
3.4.5 Reserve Network Capacity the M2M Opportunities 81
3.4.6 Increase Customer Satisfaction 81
3.4.7 Capitalize on Differentiation Strategies 81
3.4.8 Evolve Towards the Next Generation 82

4 Chapter 2.4: Mobile Network CapEx Review 83
4.1 Global Mobile Network CapEx 83
4.2 Regional Split 84
4.3 Key Operator Commitments 85
4.3.1 China Mobile 86
4.3.2 China Unicom 86
4.3.3 AT&T Mobility 87
4.3.4 Vodafone Group 87
4.3.5 Verizon Wireless 88
4.3.6 China Telecom 88
4.3.7 NTT DoCoMo 89
4.3.8 Sprint Corporation 89
4.3.9 SoftBank Corporation 90
4.3.10 T-Mobile USA 90
4.3.11 KDDI 91
4.3.12 DT (Deutsche Telekom) 91
4.3.13 MTS (Mobile TeleSystems) 92
4.3.14 Orange 92
4.3.15 Telenor Group 93
4.3.16 SK Telecom 93
4.3.17 Vivo 94
4.3.18 TIM Brazil 94
4.3.19 LG Uplus 95
4.3.20 Telkomsel 95
4.3.21 Megafon 96
4.3.22 Bharti Airtel 96
4.3.23 Movistar Venezuela 97
4.3.24 TIM (Telecom Italia Mobile) 97
4.3.25 Vimpelcom 98
4.4 Asia Pacific Mobile Network CapEx 98
4.5 Eastern Europe Mobile Network CapEx 99
4.6 Latin & Central America Mobile Network CapEx 100
4.7 Middle East & Africa Mobile Network CapEx 101
4.8 North America Mobile Network CapEx 102
4.9 Western Europe Mobile Network CapEx 103

5 Chapter 2.5: Mobile Network Subscriptions & Service Revenue Review 104
5.1 Global Mobile Network Subscriptions 104
5.2 Global Mobile Network Service Revenue 105
5.3 Segmentation by Technology 106
5.3.1 2G & 3G 107
5.3.2 FDD LTE 108
5.3.3 TD-LTE 109
5.3.4 WiMAX 110
5.3.5 5G 111
5.4 Regional Split 112
5.5 Asia Pacific 113
5.6 Eastern Europe 114
5.7 Latin & Central America 115
5.8 Middle East & Africa 116
5.9 North America 117
5.10 Western Europe 118

6 Chapter 2.6: Wireless Network Deployment Strategies 119
6.1 Antenna & RAN Strategies 119
6.1.1 Single RAN vs. Overlay Deployment 119
6.1.2 Adopting an RRH and FTTA Design 120
6.1.3 Migrating Towards C-RAN Architecture 121
6.1.4 Optimal Antenna Selection 122
6.1.5 Interference Limitation Strategies 122
6.1.6 Managing Co-Existence with Legacy 2G/3G RF Sites 122
6.2 Mobile Core Strategies 123
6.2.1 Integration of Functions & Virtualization 123
6.2.2 Deployment Architecture Choices 123
6.2.3 Supporting Legacy Networks 124
6.2.4 Integration with IMS 124
6.2.5 Embedding DPI for Policy Enforcement & Network Optimization 124
6.3 Backhaul & Fronthaul Strategies 125
6.3.1 Architectural Impact of X2 Interface 125
6.3.2 LTE-Advanced Requirements 125
6.3.3 Growing Backhaul Capacity & Latency Requirements 126
6.3.4 IPsec 126
6.3.5 Technology Options: Fiber, Microwave & Millimeter Wave 127
6.3.6 Developing a HetNet Backhaul Strategy 127
6.3.7 Synchronization and Timing 127
6.3.8 Transport Network Sharing 128
6.3.9 Fronthaul Options: Alternatives to Dedicated Fiber 128

7 Chapter 2.7: Industry Roadmap & Value Chain 129
7.1 Industry Roadmap 129
7.1.1 2016 - 2020: Large Scale LTE & HetNet Infrastructure Rollouts 129
7.1.2 2020 - 2025: The Cloud RAN Era - Moving Towards C-RAN and Virtualization 130
7.1.3 2025 - 2030: Continued Investments with 5G Network Rollouts 131
7.2 Value Chain 132
7.3 Embedded Technology Ecosystem 132
7.3.1 Chipset Developers 132
7.3.2 Embedded Component/Software Providers 132
7.4 RAN Ecosystem 134
7.4.1 Macrocell RAN OEMs 134
7.4.2 Pure-Play Small Cell OEMs 134
7.4.3 Wi-Fi Access Point OEMs 134
7.4.4 DAS & Repeater Solution Providers 135
7.4.5 C-RAN Solution Providers 135
7.4.6 Other Technology Providers 135
7.5 Transport Networking Ecosystem 135
7.5.1 Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers 135
7.6 Mobile Core Ecosystem 136
7.6.1 Mobile Core Solution Providers 136
7.7 Connectivity Ecosystem 136
7.7.1 Mobile Operators 136
7.7.2 Wi-Fi Connectivity Providers 136
7.7.3 SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) Providers 137
7.8 SON Ecosystem 137
7.8.1 SON Solution Providers 137
7.9 SDN & NFV Ecosystem 137
7.9.1 SDN & NFV Providers 137

8 Chapter 2.8: Vendor Landscape 138
8.1 Vendor Outlook 138
8.1.1 Pricing & Growth Sustainability 138
8.1.2 Portfolio Diversification 138
8.2 Vendor Ranking 139
8.2.1 Macrocell RAN 139
8.2.2 Mobile Core 140
8.2.3 Small Cells 140
8.2.4 Carrier Wi-Fi 141
8.2.5 C-RAN 141
8.2.6 DAS 142
8.2.7 Backhaul & Fronthaul 142

9 Chapter 2.9: Wireless Network Infrastructure Incumbents 143
9.1 Cisco Systems 143
9.2 Ericsson 144
9.3 Fujitsu 146
9.4 Hitachi 147
9.5 Huawei 148
9.6 NEC Corporation 149
9.7 Nokia Networks & Alcatel-Lucent 150
9.8 Samsung Electronics 153
9.9 ZTE 155

10 Chapter 2.10: Macrocell RAN, Small Cell, C-RAN & Mobile Core Specialists 157
10.1 Accelleran 157
10.2 Adax 158
10.3 ADB 159
10.4 Affirmed Networks 160
10.5 Airspan Networks 161
10.6 Alpha Networks 162
10.7 Altiostar Networks 163
10.8 Arcadyan Technology Corporation 164
10.9 Argela 165
10.10 ARItel 166
10.11 Artemis Networks 167
10.12 Askey Computer Corporation 168
10.13 ASOCS 169
10.14 Athonet 170
10.15 Athena Wireless Communications (Google) 171
10.16 Axxcelera Broadband Wireless (Moseley Associates) 172
10.17 Brocade Communications Systems 173
10.18 Casa Systems 174
10.19 CCI (Competitive Companies, Inc.) 175
10.20 Contela 176
10.21 CS Corporation 177
10.22 Datang Mobile 178
10.23 Dongwon T&I 179
10.24 Femtel (Suzhou Femtel Communications) 180
10.25 Gemtek Technology Company 181
10.26 GENBAND 182
10.27 GWT (Global Wireless Technologies) 183
10.28 HP (Hewlett-Packard) 184
10.29 ip.access 185
10.30 Juni Global 186
10.31 Juniper Networks 187
10.32 Lemko 188
10.33 LGS Innovations 189
10.34 Mitel Networks Corporation 190
10.35 New Postcom Equipment Company 191
10.36 NewNet Communication Technologies 192
10.37 Nutaq 193
10.38 Oceus Networks 194
10.39 Panda Electronics (Nanjing Panda Electronics Company) 195
10.40 Parallel Wireless 196
10.41 Polaris Networks 197
10.42 Potevio (China Potevio Company) 198
10.43 Quanta Computer 199
10.44 Qucell 200
10.45 Quortus 201
10.46 Redline Communications 202
10.47 Sagemcom 203
10.48 Samji Electronics Company 204
10.49 SerComm Corporation 205
10.50 SK Telesys 206
10.51 SpiderCloud Wireless 207
10.52 Star Solutions 209
10.53 Sunnada (Fujian Sunnada Communication Company) 210
10.54 Taqua 211
10.55 Tecom 212
10.56 TEKTELIC Communications 213
10.57 Telum 214
10.58 Telrad Networks 215
10.59 WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation) 216
10.60 Z-Com (ZDC Wireless) 217

11 Chapter 2.11: Antenna, DAS & Repeater Solution Specialists 218
11.1 AceAxis 218
11.2 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies) 218
11.3 Affarii Technologies 219
11.4 American Tower Corporation 219
11.5 Arqiva 220
11.6 Axis Teknologies 220
11.7 Black Box Corporation 221
11.8 BTI Wireless 222
11.9 CCI (Communication Components Inc.) 223
11.10 CCI (Crown Castle International) 224
11.11 CCI Systems 225
11.12 Cobham Wireless 226
11.13 Comba Telecom Systems Holdings 227
11.14 CommScope 228
11.15 Corning 229
11.16 Dali Wireless 230
11.17 DeltaNode (Bird Technologies) 231
11.18 Ethertronics 232
11.19 ExteNet Systems 233
11.20 Foxcom 234
11.21 Galtronics 234
11.22 Goodman Networks 235
11.23 GrenTech (China GrenTech Corporation) 236
11.24 JRC (Japan Radio Company) 237
11.25 JMA Wireless 238
11.26 Kisan Telecom 239
11.27 KMW 239
11.28 Kathrein-Werke KG 240
11.29 MER-CellO Wireless Solutions 241
11.30 Microlab (Wireless Telecom Group) 242
11.31 MTI Mobile 243
11.32 Nexius 244
11.33 Nextivity 245
11.34 RF Window 246
11.35 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) 247
11.36 Rosenberger 248
11.37 SOLiD (SOLiD Technologies) 249
11.38 Sumitomo Electric Industries 250
11.39 Sunwave Communications 251
11.40 TESSCO Technologies 252
11.41 Westell Technologies 253
11.42 Zinwave 254

12 Chapter 2.12: Carrier Wi-Fi Specialists 255
12.1 4ipnet 255
12.2 ABB 256
12.3 Accuris Networks 257
12.4 Aerohive Networks 258
12.5 Alvarion Technologies 259
12.6 Aptilo Networks 260
12.7 Aruba Networks 261
12.8 Autelan 262
12.9 BandwidthX 263
12.10 Birdstep Technology 264
12.11 Browan Communications 265
12.12 BSG Wireless 266
12.13 D-Link Corporation 267
12.14 Edgewater Wireless Systems 268
12.15 EION Wireless 269
12.16 Firetide 270
12.17 Fortinet 271
12.18 Front Porch 272
12.19 GoNet Systems 273
12.20 Handlink Technologies 274
12.21 Meru Networks 275
12.22 Netgem 276
12.23 NETGEAR 277
12.24 Nomadix 278
12.25 Panasonic Corporation 279
12.26 Ro-Timak Technology 280
12.27 Ruckus Wireless 281
12.28 Senao Networks 282
12.29 Smith Micro Software 283
12.30 SpectrumMax 284
12.31 Syniverse Technologies 285
12.32 TP-LINK Technologies 286
12.33 Tranzeo Wireless Technologies 287
12.34 Ubiquiti Networks 288
12.35 WeFi 289
12.36 Zebra Technologies Corporation 290
12.37 ZyXEL 291

13 Chapter 2.13: Enabling Technology Providers 292
13.1 6WIND 292
13.2 Ablaze Wireless 293
13.3 Absolute Analysis 294
13.4 Accelink Technologies 295
13.5 ADLINK Technology 296
13.6 ADI (Analog Devices Inc.) 297
13.7 Advantech 298
13.8 AirHop Communications 299
13.9 AKM (Asahi Kasei Microdevices) 300
13.10 Allot Communications 300
13.11 Amarisoft 301
13.12 Amdocs 302
13.13 Anritsu Corporation 304
13.14 Aricent 304
13.15 ARM Holdings 305
13.16 Astellia 306
13.17 ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute) 307
13.18 Artesyn Embedded Technologies 308
13.19 Artiza Networks 309
13.20 Avago Technologies 310
13.21 Azcom Technology 311
13.22 Benetel 312
13.23 Blu Wireless Technology 313
13.24 Broadcom Corporation 314
13.25 Cadence Design Systems 315
13.26 Cavium 316
13.27 CeedTec 317
13.28 Cellwize 318
13.29 Celtro 319
13.30 Coherent Logix 320
13.31 Comcores ApS 321
13.32 CommAgility 322
13.33 D2 Technologies 323
13.34 Dell 324
13.35 Direct Beam 325
13.36 eASIC Corporation 326
13.37 EDX Wireless 327
13.38 Eoptolink Technology 328
13.39 ERCOM 329
13.40 EXFO 330
13.41 Federated Wireless 331
13.42 Faraday Technology Corporation 332
13.43 Finisar Corporation 333
13.44 GigaLight (Shenzhen Gigalight Technology Company) 334
13.45 GlobalFoundaries 335
13.46 Hisense (Hisense Broadband Multimedia Technology) 336
13.47 HG Genuine 337
13.48 IDT (Integrated Device Technology) 338
13.49 IMEC International 339
13.50 InfoVista 340
13.51 InnoLight Technology Corporation 341
13.52 Intel Corporation 342
13.53 InterDigital 343
13.54 iPosi 344
13.55 Ixia 345
13.56 Keysight Technologies 346
13.57 Kumu Networks 347
13.58 Lattice Semiconductor 348
13.59 Lime Microsystems 349
13.60 Lumentum 350
13.61 Macom (M/A-COM Technology Solutions) 351
13.62 Maxim Integrated 352
13.63 Mellanox Technologies 353
13.64 Microsemi Corporation 353
13.65 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 354
13.66 Mobiveil 355
13.67 Molex 356
13.68 Nash Technologies 357
13.69 NetScout Systems 358
13.70 Node-H 359
13.71 Nomor Research 360
13.72 NXP Semiconductors 361
13.73 OE Solutions 362
13.74 Octasic 363
13.75 Optulink 364
13.76 P.I. Works 365
13.77 Pletronics 366
13.78 PMC-Sierra 367
13.79 Procera Networks 368
13.80 Public Wireless 369
13.81 Qualcomm 370
13.82 Qulsar 371
13.83 QEOS 372
13.84 Qwilt 373
13.85 RADCOM 374
13.86 Radisys Corporation 375
13.87 Rakon 376
13.88 Red Hat 377
13.89 Reverb Networks 378
13.90 RF DSP 379
13.91 Saguna Networks 380
13.92 SAI Technology 381
13.93 Sarokal Test Systems 382
13.94 Silicon Labs 383
13.95 Sistelbanda 384
13.96 Source Photonics 385
13.97 Tata Elxsi 386
13.98 TEOCO Corporation 387
13.99 TI (Texas Instruments) 388
13.100 Tulinx 389
13.101 U-blox 390
13.102 Vectron International 391
13.103 Viavi Solutions 392
13.104 VPIsystems 393
13.105 WiPro 394
13.106 XCellAir 395
13.107 Xelic 396
13.108 Xilinx 397

14 Chapter 2.14: Mobile Backhaul & Fronthaul Vendors 398
14.1 3Roam 398
14.2 4RF 398
14.3 Accedian Networks 399
14.4 Actelis Networks 400
14.5 Actiontec 400
14.6 Actus Networks 400
14.7 ADTRAN 401
14.8 ADVA Optical Networking 402
14.9 Advantech Wireless 402
14.10 ALAXALA Networks 403
14.11 Albis Technologies 403
14.12 ALCOMA 403
14.13 Allied Data Technologies 404
14.14 Allied Telesis 404
14.15 Aquantia 404
14.16 Arris 405
14.17 Avanti Communications 405
14.18 Aviat Networks 406
14.19 AVM 407
14.20 BLiNQ Networks 407
14.21 BluWan 408
14.22 BridgeWave Communications 409
14.23 BTI Systems 410
14.24 CableFree Solutions 410
14.25 Calix 411
14.26 Cambium Networks 411
14.27 Canoga Perkins 412
14.28 Carlson Wireless Technologies 412
14.29 CBNL (Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd.) 413
14.30 CCS (Cambridge Communication Systems) 414
14.31 Ceragon 414
14.32 Cielo Networks 415
14.33 Ciena Corporation 415
14.34 Comtrend 416
14.35 Corecess 417
14.36 Coriant 417
14.37 DASAN Networks 418
14.38 DragonWave 419
14.39 E-Band Communications (Moseley Associates) 420
14.40 EBlink 421
14.41 ECI Telecom 422
14.42 Elva-1 422
14.43 Exalt Communications 423
14.44 Extreme Networks 424
14.45 FastBack Networks 425
14.46 Fiberhome Technologies 426
14.47 FibroLan 426
14.48 Genmix Technology 427
14.49 Gilat Satellite Networks 427
14.50 HFR 428
14.51 Huahuan 428
14.52 Hughes Network Systems 429
14.53 HXI 429
14.54 iDirect 430
14.55 Infinera 431
14.56 Intracom Telecom 432
14.57 IPITEK 433
14.58 Iskratel 433
14.59 KEYMILE 433
14.60 LightPointe Communications 434
14.61 Loea Corporation 435
14.62 MAX4G 435
14.63 Microwave Networks 436
14.64 MIMOtech 437
14.65 MRV Communications 438
14.66 Nexcomm Systems 438
14.67 NexxComm Wireless 438
14.68 Omnitron Systems 439
14.69 OneAccess Networks 439
14.70 Polewall 439
14.71 Positron 440
14.72 Proxim Wireless Corporation 440
14.73 RACOM 441
14.74 RAD Data Communications 441
14.75 RADWIN 442
14.76 SAF Tehnika 443
14.77 SIAE Microelectronics (SIAE Microelectronica) 443
14.78 Siklu 444
14.79 SkyFiber 445
14.80 SMC Networks 445
14.81 Solectek 445
14.82 Star Microwave 446
14.83 Tarana Wireless 446
14.84 Telco Systems 447
14.85 Tellion 448
14.86 Tellumat 448
14.87 Telsey 448
14.88 Tilgin 448
14.89 Trango Systems 449
14.90 Ubiquoss 449
14.91 UTStarcom 449
14.92 Vubiq Networks 450
14.93 Wave1 450
14.94 Wavesight 451
14.95 Xavi Technologies 451
14.96 Yamaha Corporation 451
14.97 Zhone Technologies 452

15 Chapter 2.15: Global Market Analysis & Forecasts 453
15.1 Market Definition 453
15.2 Decomposing the Global Wireless Network Infrastructure Market 453
15.3 Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core 456
15.4 Macrocells 457
15.4.1 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 458
15.4.1.1 2G & 3G 459
15.4.1.2 FDD LTE 461
15.4.1.3 TD-LTE 462
15.4.1.4 WiMAX 463
15.4.1.5 5G 464
15.5 Mobile Core 465
15.5.1 Segmentation by Technology 465
15.5.1.1 3G Packet Core 466
15.5.1.2 HLR 466
15.5.1.3 MSS 467
15.5.1.4 LTE EPC 467
15.5.1.5 WiMAX 468
15.5.1.6 5G 468
15.6 Mobile Backhaul 469
15.6.1 Segmentation by Technology 469
15.6.1.1 Ethernet 470
15.6.1.2 Microwave & Millimeter Wave 470
15.6.1.3 Satellite 471
15.6.1.4 WDM 471
15.6.1.5 PON 472
15.6.1.6 Others 472
15.7 Small Cells 473
15.7.1 Segmentation by Use Case 474
15.7.1.1 Residential 475
15.7.1.2 Enterprise 476
15.7.1.3 Urban 477
15.7.1.4 Rural & Suburban 478
15.7.2 Segmentation by Form Factor 479
15.7.2.1 Femtocells 480
15.7.2.2 Picocells 481
15.7.2.3 Microcells 482
15.7.3 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 483
15.7.3.1 2G & 3G 484
15.7.3.2 LTE 485
15.7.3.3 5G 486
15.7.4 Segmentation by Deployment Model 487
15.7.4.1 Indoor 488
15.7.4.2 Outdoor 489
15.8 Small Cell Backhaul 490
15.8.1 Segmentation by Technology 490
15.8.1.1 DSL 491
15.8.1.2 Ethernet 491
15.8.1.3 Microwave 492
15.8.1.4 Millimeter Wave 492
15.8.1.5 Satellite 493
15.8.1.6 Fiber & Others 493
15.9 Carrier Wi-Fi 494
15.9.1 Segmentation by Submarket 494
15.9.1.1 Access Points 495
15.9.1.2 Access Point Controllers 496
15.9.2 Segmentation by Integration Approach 497
15.9.2.1 Standalone Wi-Fi Hotspots 498
15.9.2.2 Managed Wi-Fi Offload 499
15.10 C-RAN 500
15.10.1 Segmentation by Submarket 500
15.10.1.1 RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) 501
15.10.1.2 BBUs (Baseband Units) 502
15.10.2 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 503
15.10.2.1 3G & LTE 503
15.10.2.2 5G 504
15.10.3 Segmentation by Deployment Model 505
15.10.3.1 Indoor 506
15.10.3.2 Outdoor 507
15.11 C-RAN Fronthaul 508
15.11.1 Segmentation by Technology 508
15.11.1.1 Dedicated Fiber 509
15.11.1.2 WDM 509
15.11.1.3 OTN & PON 510
15.11.1.4 Ethernet 510
15.11.1.5 Microwave 511
15.11.1.6 Millimeter Wave 511
15.12 DAS 512
15.12.1 Segmentation by Deployment Model 513
15.12.1.1 Indoor 514
15.12.1.2 Outdoor 515

16 Chapter 2.16: Regional Market Analysis & Forecasts 516
16.1 Segmentation by Region 516
16.1.1 Macrocells 517
16.1.2 Mobile Core 518
16.1.3 Macrocell Backhaul 519
16.1.4 Small Cells 519
16.1.5 Small Cell Backhaul 520
16.1.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 521
16.1.7 C-RAN 523
16.1.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 525
16.1.9 DAS 525
16.2 Asia Pacific 527
16.2.1 Macrocells 527
16.2.2 Mobile Core 529
16.2.3 Macrocell Backhaul 529
16.2.4 Small Cells 530
16.2.5 Small Cell Backhaul 531
16.2.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 531
16.2.7 C-RAN 533
16.2.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 535
16.2.9 DAS 536
16.3 Eastern Europe 537
16.3.1 Macrocells 537
16.3.2 Mobile Core 539
16.3.3 Macrocell Backhaul 539
16.3.4 Small Cells 540
16.3.5 Small Cell Backhaul 541
16.3.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 541
16.3.7 C-RAN 543
16.3.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 545
16.3.9 DAS 546
16.4 Latin & Central America 547
16.4.1 Macrocells 547
16.4.2 Mobile Core 549
16.4.3 Macrocell Backhaul 549
16.4.4 Small Cells 550
16.4.5 Small Cell Backhaul 551
16.4.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 551
16.4.7 C-RAN 553
16.4.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 555
16.4.9 DAS 556
16.5 Middle East & Africa 557
16.5.1 Macrocells 557
16.5.2 Mobile Core 559
16.5.3 Macrocell Backhaul 559
16.5.4 Small Cells 560
16.5.5 Small Cell Backhaul 561
16.5.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 561
16.5.7 C-RAN 563
16.5.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 565
16.5.9 DAS 566
16.6 North America 567
16.6.1 Macrocells 567
16.6.2 Mobile Core 569
16.6.3 Macrocell Backhaul 569
16.6.4 Small Cells 570
16.6.5 Small Cell Backhaul 571
16.6.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 571
16.6.7 C-RAN 573
16.6.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 575
16.6.9 DAS 576
16.7 Western Europe 577
16.7.1 Macrocells 577
16.7.2 Mobile Core 579
16.7.3 Macrocell Backhaul 579
16.7.4 Small Cells 580
16.7.5 Small Cell Backhaul 581
16.7.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 581
16.7.7 C-RAN 583
16.7.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 585
16.7.9 DAS 586

17 Chapter 2.17: Conclusion & Strategic Recommendations 587
17.1 Competitive Industry Landscape: Acquisitions, Alliances & Consolidation 587
17.2 Is Virtualization a Threat to the Wireless Network Infrastructure Market? 588
17.3 Growing Focus on Enterprise RAN Deployments 589
17.4 Vendor Specific HetNet Offerings: Disrupting Traditional Network Architectures 590
17.5 Moving Towards C-RAN Architecture 590
17.5.1 Global Deployment Prospects 590
17.5.2 From Centralized to Cloud RAN: Virtualizing the RAN 591
17.5.3 Convergence of C-RAN and Small Cells: Distributing Baseband Intelligence 592
17.5.4 Interface Options: Is Ethernet a Feasible Solution? 593
17.5.5 Fronthaul Transport: Are Cheaper Options Emerging? 594
17.6 Standardization Driving RAN & Wi-Fi Integration 594
17.7 Outlook for LTE-Advanced 596
17.7.1 Upgrades for Capacity & Coverage Boosts 596
17.7.2 Moving Beyond Carrier Aggregation 596
17.7.3 Service Revenue Prospects 597
17.8 Status of TD-LTE Investments 597
17.8.1 China Mobile: Starting an Era of Large-Scale TD-LTE Deployments 597
17.8.2 Data Offloading Opportunities with TD-LTE Small Cells 597
17.8.3 Capitalizing on Tight Interworking Between TDD and FDD 598
17.9 Outlook for VoLTE & RCS 598
17.10 Bringing LTE-Broadcast & eMBMS into Focus 599
17.11 Outlook for Unlicensed LTE Small Cells 600
17.12 5G Development Efforts 601
17.12.1 Global Deployment Plans 601
17.12.2 R&D Focus Areas 602
17.12.3 5G Demonstrations & Performance Assessment 602
17.13 Smart Cities: Wireless Network Infrastructure Vendors to Lead the Way 603
17.14 Wireless Incumbents Could Face Cloud Rivals: Thanks to SDN & NFV 604
17.15 Spectrum: Driving Continued Acquisitions by Incumbent Mobile Operators 605
17.16 Mobile Operators Will Strive for Agility 605
17.17 Vertical Market Opportunities 605
17.18 SWOT Analysis 606
17.19 Strategic Recommendations 607
17.19.1 Recommendations for Mobile Operators 607
17.19.2 Recommendations for Wireless Network Infrastructure Vendors 608

Repor 3: The HetNet Ecosystem (Small Cells, Carrier Wi-Fi, C-RAN & DAS): 2016 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts  

1 Chapter 3.1: Introduction 36
1.1 Executive Summary 36
1.2 Topics Covered 38
1.3 Forecast Segmentation 39
1.4 Key Questions Answered 42
1.5 Key Findings 43
1.6 Methodology 44
1.7 Target Audience 45
1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned 46

2 Chapter 3.2: An Overview of Small Cells, Carrier Wi-Fi, C-RAN & DAS 51
2.1 An Evolving Heterogeneous Networking Ecosystem 51
2.1.1 The Growing Demand for Mobile Broadband 51
2.1.2 Is LTE the Answer to all Capacity Problems? 51
2.1.3 HetNets: An Evolution of Network Topology 53
2.2 Small Cells 54
2.2.1 What Are Small Cells? 54
2.2.2 Why Deploy Small Cells? 54
2.2.3 Small Cell Categories 56
2.2.3.1 Femtocells 56
2.2.3.2 Picocells 57
2.2.3.3 Microcells 57
2.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 58
2.3.1 Carrier Wi-Fi Integration Approaches 59
2.3.2 Standalone Hotspots 59
2.3.3 Managed Offload 59
2.3.3.1 SIM-based Wi-Fi Offload 59
2.3.3.2 RAN Integrated Wi-Fi Access 59
2.4 C-RAN (Centralized RAN) 60
2.4.1 What is C-RAN? 60
2.4.2 Architectural Benefits and Challenges 60
2.4.3 Key Architectural Components 61
2.4.3.1 RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) 61
2.4.3.2 BBUs (Baseband Units) 61
2.4.3.3 Fronthaul 62
2.5 Cloud RAN: Virtualizing C-RAN 63
2.5.1 Leveraging Commodity Technologies 64
2.5.2 Moving RAN to the Cloud 64
2.6 DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems) 65
2.6.1 What is DAS? 65
2.6.2 Passive DAS 65
2.6.3 Active DAS 66
2.6.4 Hybrid DAS 66
2.7 Alternative Options for Offloading Mobile Network Coverage and Capacity 67
2.7.1 Macrocell Network and Spectrum Expansion 67
2.7.2 Caching & Mobile CDN (Content Delivery Networks) 67
2.8 The Business Case: Key Market Drivers 68
2.8.1 Capacity & Coverage Improvement: Addressing the Mobile Data Traffic Tsunami 68
2.8.2 Endorsement from the Mobile Operator Community 69
2.8.3 In-Building & Enterprise Coverage Requirements 70
2.8.4 Capacity Offload in Congested Urban Environments 70
2.8.5 Cost-Effective Rural Coverage 71
2.8.6 CapEx Savings 71
2.8.7 Non-Expandability of Macrocell Networks 71
2.9 Challenges & Inhibitors to the HetNet Ecosystem 72
2.9.1 Interference with Macrocell Infrastructure & Spectrum Constraints 72
2.9.2 Conflicting HetNet Offerings 72
2.9.3 Fronthaul & Backhaul Investments 72
2.9.4 Migration from Legacy Architectures 73
2.9.5 Economic Constraints & Deployment Challenges 73
2.9.6 Security Concerns 74

3 Chapter 3.3: Integration & Offloading Technology 75
3.1 Integrating Small Cells into the Mobile Network 75
3.1.1 Integration into 3G Networks 75
3.1.1.1 Iuh based Integration: Residential & Enterprise Femtocells 75
3.1.1.2 Iub: Microcells, Picocells and Femtocells 77
3.1.2 S1: Integration into LTE Networks 78
3.1.2.1 eNB Small Cell Architecture 78
3.1.2.2 HeNB Small Cell Architecture 79
3.2 Integrating C-RAN into the Mobile Network 79
3.2.1 CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) 79
3.2.2 OBSAI (Open Base Station Architecture Initiative) 80
3.2.3 ORI (Open Radio Interface) 80
3.2.4 Ethernet 80
3.3 Wi-Fi: The Evolution from an Ethernet Extension to Mobile RAN Integration 82
3.4 Enabling Technologies for Wi-Fi and Cellular RAN Interoperability 82
3.4.1 ANDSF (Access Network Discovery and Selection Function) 82
3.4.1.1 Enabling Seamless Mobility 83
3.4.1.2 Commercial Availability of ANDSF Solutions 83
3.4.2 Hotspot 2.0 83
3.4.2.1 Discovery - 802.11u 83
3.4.2.2 Encryption - 802.11i (WPA2) 84
3.4.2.3 Authentication – 802.1x (EAP) 84
3.4.2.4 OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) DM (Device Management) 84
3.4.2.5 Passpoint Wi-Fi Certification 85
3.4.3 NGH (Next Generation Hotspot) 85
3.4.3.1 Working alongside Hotspot 2.0 86
3.4.3.2 Enabling Seamless Mobile Network Connectivity 86
3.4.4 I-WLAN (Interworking Wireless LAN) 86
3.4.5 WISPr (Wireless Internet Service Provider Roaming) 86
3.4.6 MSAP (Mobility Services Advertisement Protocol) 87
3.4.7 Wi-Fi Direct 87
3.5 Small Cell and Mobile Core Offloading Technologies 88
3.5.1 LIPA (Local IP Access) 88
3.5.1.1 Is LIPA Specifically for Small Cells? 88
3.5.1.2 Use Case Example: Local Network Multimedia Access 88
3.5.2 SIPTO (Selected IP Traffic Offload) 89
3.5.2.1 Use Case Example: Core Network Offload 89
3.5.2.2 The Downside: Is SIPTO Suitable for All Traffic Profiles? 89
3.5.3 IFOM (IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload) 90
3.5.3.1 Enabling Seamless Integration between Wi-Fi and 3GPP RANs 90
3.6 Wi-Fi and Cellular RAN Integration: Commercial Implementations to Address the HetNet Challenge 91
3.6.1 Wi-Fi Integration into Macrocell and Small Cell Base Stations 91
3.6.2 Policy Driven Control 91
3.6.3 Enabling Wi-Fi Calling: Dynamic Switching between Wi-Fi and LTE 91
3.7 Integration of SON (Self-Organizing Network) Capabilities 92
3.7.1 Enabling Plug-and-play Functionality 92
3.7.2 Enhancing HetNet Performance 93

4 Chapter 3.4: Industry Roadmap and Value Chain 94
4.1 HetNet Industry Roadmap: 2016 – 2030 94
4.1.1 2016 – 2020: Large Scale Small Cell, Carrier Wi-Fi & DAS Rollouts 94
4.1.2 2020 – 2025: The Cloud RAN Era - Moving Towards C-RAN and Virtualization 95
4.1.3 2025 – 2030: Continued Investments with 5G Network Rollouts 95
4.2 HetNet Value Chain 96
4.3 Embedded Technology Ecosystem 96
4.3.1 Chipset Developers 96
4.3.2 Embedded Component/Software Providers 96
4.4 RAN Ecosystem 98
4.4.1 Macrocell RAN OEMs 98
4.4.2 Pure-Play Small Cell OEMs 98
4.4.3 Wi-Fi Access Point OEMs 98
4.4.4 DAS & Repeater Solution Providers 99
4.4.5 C-RAN Solution Providers 99
4.4.6 Other Technology Providers 99
4.5 Transport Networking Ecosystem 99
4.5.1 Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers 99
4.6 Mobile Core Ecosystem 100
4.6.1 Mobile Core Solution Providers 100
4.7 Connectivity Ecosystem 100
4.7.1 Mobile Operators 100
4.7.2 Wi-Fi Connectivity Providers 100
4.7.3 SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) Providers 101
4.8 SON Ecosystem 101
4.8.1 SON Solution Providers 101
4.9 SDN & NFV Ecosystem 101
4.9.1 SDN & NFV Providers 101

5 Chapter 3.5: HetNet Deployment Models, Use Cases & Vertical Markets 102
5.1 Deployment Models 102
5.1.1 Indoor 102
5.1.2 Outdoor 103
5.2 Use Cases 104
5.2.1 Residential 104
5.2.2 Enterprise 104
5.2.3 Urban 105
5.2.4 Rural & Suburban 105
5.3 Case Study: Small Cells in Emerging Rural Markets 106
5.3.1 EE & Vodafone: Rural Small Cell Rollouts in the UK 106
5.3.2 How are Vendors Addressing the Market? 107
5.3.3 How Big is the Opportunity? 107
5.4 Wi-Fi Service Models 108
5.4.1 Mobile Offload 108
5.4.2 Wholesale 108
5.4.3 Other Approaches 108
5.5 SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) 109
5.5.1 Addressing the Logistical Challenges of Small Cell Rollouts 109
5.5.2 Cost & Structural Efficiencies 109
5.5.3 How Big is the Opportunity for SCaaS Providers? 110
5.5.4 Major SCaaS Commitments 111
5.5.4.1 BT Group 111
5.5.4.2 Cellcom 112
5.5.4.3 ClearSky Technologies 112
5.5.4.4 Cloudberry Mobile 112
5.5.4.5 Colt Technology Services 113
5.5.4.6 Towerstream 113
5.5.4.7 Virgin Media 113
5.5.4.8 Zayo Group 114
5.5.4.9 Offerings from the Vendor Community 114
5.6 Key Vertical Markets 115
5.6.1 Agriculture 115
5.6.2 Construction 115
5.6.3 Education 116
5.6.4 Energy & Utilities 116
5.6.5 Enterprises 117
5.6.6 Healthcare 117
5.6.7 Military 118
5.6.8 Public Safety & Emergency Services 118
5.6.9 Public Venues 118
5.6.10 Residential 119
5.6.11 Retail & Hospitality 119

6 Chapter 3.6: HetNet Backhaul & Fronthaul 120
6.1 Small Cell Backhaul Technology 120
6.1.1 DSL 120
6.1.2 Ethernet 120
6.1.3 Microwave 121
6.1.4 Millimeter Wave 122
6.1.5 Satellite 122
6.1.6 Fiber & Others 122
6.2 C-RAN Fronthaul Technology 123
6.2.1 Dedicated Fiber (Dark Fiber) 123
6.2.2 WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) 123
6.2.3 PON (Passive Optical Network) 124
6.2.4 OTN (Optical Transport Network) 124
6.2.5 Ethernet 124
6.2.6 Microwave 124
6.2.7 Millimeter Wave 124
6.3 Requirements for HetNet Backhaul & Fronthaul 125
6.3.1 Form Factor & Environmental Hardening 125
6.3.2 Power Supply & Consumption 125
6.3.3 Installation & Provisioning 125
6.3.4 Integration of OAM and SON Capabilities 126
6.3.5 Deployment & Maintenance Cost 126
6.4 Key Issues 126
6.4.1 Backhaul Sharing: Can Small Cells and Macrocells Share Resources? 126
6.4.2 Coverage Challenges 127
6.4.3 Capacity/Peak Throughput Challenges 127
6.4.4 Will Millimeter Wave be the Preferred Outdoor Small Cell Backhaul Solution? 127
6.4.5 Is Fronthaul the Bottleneck to C-RAN Rollouts? 128
6.4.6 Is Ethernet a Feasible Solution for C-RAN Fronthaul? 128
6.4.7 Is there a Market for Satellite based HetNet Transport? 129
6.4.8 Assessing the Impact of the SCaaS Ecosystem 129

7 Chapter 3.7: Standardization & Regulatory Initiatives 130
7.1 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) 130
7.1.1 Overview 130
7.1.2 HetNet Standardization Activities 130
7.2 3GPP2 (3rd Generation Partnership Project 2) 131
7.2.1 Overview 131
7.2.2 HetNet Standardization Activities 132
7.3 Broadband Forum 132
7.3.1 Overview 132
7.3.2 Key HetNet Initiatives 133
7.4 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) 133
7.4.1 Overview 133
7.4.2 Small Cell Testing 134
7.4.3 ORI for Fronthaul 134
7.4.4 NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) for Small Cells & Cloud RAN 134
7.4.5 MEC (Mobile Edge Computing) 134
7.5 GSMA 135
7.5.1 Overview 135
7.5.2 Enabling Carrier Wi-Fi Roaming 135
7.6 HetNet Forum 136
7.6.1 Overview 136
7.6.2 Key Programs 136
7.7 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 137
7.7.1 Overview 137
7.7.2 IEEE 802.11 WLAN Standard 137
7.7.3 Other Standards 137
7.8 ITU (International Telecommunications Union) 139
7.8.1 Overview 139
7.8.2 Focus Group on IMT-2020 139
7.9 MEF (Metro Ethernet Forum) 140
7.9.1 Overview 140
7.9.2 Ethernet Transport for Small Cells & C-RAN 140
7.10 NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Networks) Alliance 141
7.10.1 Overview 141
7.10.2 P-CRAN (Project Centralized RAN) 141
7.10.3 Small Cell Project 141
7.10.4 RAN Evolution Project 142
7.10.5 Other Engagements 142
7.11 Small Cell Forum 143
7.11.1 Overview 143
7.11.2 Working Groups 143
7.11.3 Release Program 145
7.12 WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance) 145
7.12.1 Overview 145
7.12.2 Next Generation Wi-Fi Program for Mobile Operators 145
7.12.3 Other Programs 146
7.13 Wi-Fi Alliance 146
7.13.1 Overview 146
7.13.2 Hotspot 2.0 & Passpoint Certification Program 147
7.13.3 Other Programs 147
7.14 WiMAX Forum 148
7.14.1 Overview 148
7.14.2 WiMAX Small Cells 148

8 Chapter 3.8: Mobile Operator Case Studies 149
8.1 América Móvil Group 149
8.1.1 Overview 149
8.1.2 Key Vendors 149
8.1.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 149
8.2 AT&T Mobility 150
8.2.1 Overview 150
8.2.2 Key Vendors 150
8.2.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 150
8.3 Bharti Airtel 151
8.3.1 Overview 151
8.3.2 Key Vendors 151
8.3.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 151
8.4 BT Group 152
8.4.1 Overview 152
8.4.2 Key Vendors 152
8.4.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 152
8.5 China Mobile 153
8.5.1 Overview 153
8.5.2 Key Vendors 153
8.5.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 153
8.6 China Telecom 155
8.6.1 Overview 155
8.6.2 Key Vendors 155
8.6.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 155
8.7 China Unicom 156
8.7.1 Overview 156
8.7.2 Key Vendors 156
8.7.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 156
8.8 Chunghwa Telecom 157
8.8.1 Overview 157
8.8.2 Key Vendors 157
8.8.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 157
8.9 KT Corporation 158
8.9.1 Overview 158
8.9.2 Key Vendors 158
8.9.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 158
8.10 VimpelCom 159
8.10.1 Overview 159
8.10.2 Key Vendors 159
8.10.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 159
8.11 LG Uplus 160
8.11.1 Overview 160
8.11.2 Key Vendors 160
8.11.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 160
8.12 NTT DoCoMo 161
8.12.1 Overview 161
8.12.2 Key Vendors 161
8.12.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 161
8.13 Orange 163
8.13.1 Overview 163
8.13.2 Key Vendors 163
8.13.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 163
8.14 SK Telecom 164
8.14.1 Overview 164
8.14.2 Key Vendors 164
8.14.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 164
8.15 SoftBank Mobile 166
8.15.1 Overview 166
8.15.2 Key Vendors 166
8.15.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 166
8.16 Sprint 167
8.16.1 Overview 167
8.16.2 Key Vendors 167
8.16.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 167
8.17 Telecom Italia 168
8.17.1 Overview 168
8.17.2 Key Vendors 168
8.17.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 168
8.18 Telefónica 169
8.18.1 Overview 169
8.18.2 Key Vendors 169
8.18.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 169
8.19 Verizon Wireless 170
8.19.1 Overview 170
8.19.2 Key Vendors 170
8.19.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 170
8.20 Vodafone Group 172
8.20.1 Overview 172
8.20.2 Key Vendors 172
8.20.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 172
8.21 SingTel 173
8.21.1 Overview 173
8.21.2 Key Vendors 173
8.21.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 173
8.22 SFR 174
8.22.1 Overview 174
8.22.2 Key Vendors 174
8.22.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 174
8.23 Telenor Group 175
8.23.1 Overview 175
8.23.2 Key Vendors 175
8.23.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 175
8.24 Telstra 176
8.24.1 Overview 176
8.24.2 Key Vendors 176
8.24.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 176
8.25 Telus Mobility 177
8.25.1 Overview 177
8.25.2 Key Vendors 177
8.25.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 177
8.26 DT (Deutsche Telekom) 178
8.26.1 Overview 178
8.26.2 Key Vendors 178
8.26.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 178
8.27 MTS (Mobile TeleSystems) 179
8.27.1 Overview 179
8.27.2 Key Vendors 179
8.27.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 179
8.28 KDDI 180
8.28.1 Overview 180
8.28.2 Key Vendors 180
8.28.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 180
8.29 MegaFon 181
8.29.1 Overview 181
8.29.2 Key Vendors 181
8.29.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 181
8.30 KPN 182
8.30.1 Overview 182
8.30.2 Key Vendors 182
8.30.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 182
8.31 TeliaSonera 183
8.31.1 Overview 183
8.31.2 Key Vendors 183
8.31.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 183

9 Chapter 3.9: Wireless Network Infrastructure Incumbents 184
9.1 Cisco Systems 184
9.2 Ericsson 185
9.3 Fujitsu 188
9.4 Hitachi 189
9.5 Huawei 190
9.6 NEC Corporation 191
9.7 Nokia Networks & Alcatel-Lucent 192
9.8 Samsung Electronics 195
9.9 ZTE 197

10 Chapter 3.10: Macrocell RAN, Small Cell, C-RAN & Mobile Core Specialists 198
10.1 Accelleran 198
10.2 Adax 199
10.3 ADB 200
10.4 Affirmed Networks 201
10.5 Airspan Networks 202
10.6 Alpha Networks 203
10.7 Altiostar Networks 204
10.8 Arcadyan Technology Corporation 205
10.9 Argela 206
10.10 ARItel 207
10.11 Artemis Networks 208
10.12 Askey Computer Corporation 209
10.13 ASOCS 210
10.14 Athonet 211
10.15 Athena Wireless Communications (Google) 212
10.16 Axxcelera Broadband Wireless (Moseley Associates) 213
10.17 Brocade Communications Systems 214
10.18 Casa Systems 215
10.19 CCI (Competitive Companies, Inc.) 216
10.20 Contela 217
10.21 CS Corporation 218
10.22 Datang Mobile 219
10.23 Dongwon T&I 220
10.24 Femtel (Suzhou Femtel Communications) 221
10.25 Gemtek Technology Company 222
10.26 GENBAND 223
10.27 GWT (Global Wireless Technologies) 224
10.28 HP (Hewlett-Packard) 225
10.29 ip.access 226
10.30 Juni Global 227
10.31 Juniper Networks 228
10.32 Lemko 229
10.33 LGS Innovations 230
10.34 Mitel Networks Corporation 231
10.35 New Postcom Equipment Company 232
10.36 NewNet Communication Technologies 233
10.37 Nutaq 234
10.38 Oceus Networks 235
10.39 Panda Electronics (Nanjing Panda Electronics Company) 236
10.40 Parallel Wireless 237
10.41 Polaris Networks 238
10.42 Potevio (China Potevio Company) 239
10.43 Quanta Computer 240
10.44 Qucell 241
10.45 Quortus 242
10.46 Redline Communications 243
10.47 Sagemcom 244
10.48 Samji Electronics Company 245
10.49 SerComm Corporation 246
10.50 SK Telesys 247
10.51 SpiderCloud Wireless 248
10.52 Star Solutions 250
10.53 Sunnada (Fujian Sunnada Communication Company) 251
10.54 Taqua 252
10.55 Tecom 253
10.56 TEKTELIC Communications 254
10.57 Telum 255
10.58 Telrad Networks 256
10.59 WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation) 257
10.60 Z-Com (ZDC Wireless) 258

11 Chapter 3.11: Antenna, DAS & Repeater Solution Specialists 259
11.1 AceAxis 259
11.2 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies) 259
11.3 Affarii Technologies 260
11.4 American Tower Corporation 260
11.5 Arqiva 261
11.6 Axis Teknologies 261
11.7 Black Box Corporation 262
11.8 BTI Wireless 263
11.9 CCI (Communication Components Inc.) 264
11.10 CCI (Crown Castle International) 265
11.11 CCI Systems 266
11.12 Cobham Wireless 267
11.13 Comba Telecom Systems Holdings 268
11.14 CommScope 269
11.15 Corning 270
11.16 Dali Wireless 271
11.17 DeltaNode (Bird Technologies) 272
11.18 Ethertronics 273
11.19 ExteNet Systems 274
11.20 Foxcom 275
11.21 Galtronics 275
11.22 Goodman Networks 276
11.23 GrenTech (China GrenTech Corporation) 277
11.24 JRC (Japan Radio Company) 278
11.25 JMA Wireless 279
11.26 Kisan Telecom 280
11.27 KMW 280
11.28 Kathrein-Werke KG 281
11.29 MER-CellO Wireless Solutions 282
11.30 Microlab (Wireless Telecom Group) 283
11.31 MTI Mobile 284
11.32 Nexius 285
11.33 Nextivity 286
11.34 RF Window 287
11.35 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) 288
11.36 Rosenberger 289
11.37 SOLiD (SOLiD Technologies) 290
11.38 Sumitomo Electric Industries 291
11.39 Sunwave Communications 292
11.40 TESSCO Technologies 293
11.41 Westell Technologies 294
11.42 Zinwave 295

12 Chapter 3.12: Carrier Wi-Fi Specialists 296
12.1 4ipnet 296
12.2 ABB 297
12.3 Accuris Networks 298
12.4 Aerohive Networks 299
12.5 Alvarion Technologies 300
12.6 Aptilo Networks 301
12.7 Aruba Networks 302
12.8 Autelan 303
12.9 BandwidthX 304
12.10 Birdstep Technology 305
12.11 Browan Communications 306
12.12 BSG Wireless 307
12.13 D-Link Corporation 308
12.14 Edgewater Wireless Systems 309
12.15 EION Wireless 310
12.16 Firetide 311
12.17 Fortinet 312
12.18 Front Porch 313
12.19 GoNet Systems 314
12.20 Handlink Technologies 315
12.21 Meru Networks 316
12.22 Netgem 317
12.23 NETGEAR 318
12.24 Nomadix 319
12.25 Panasonic Corporation 320
12.26 Ro-Timak Technology 321
12.27 Ruckus Wireless 322
12.28 Senao Networks 323
12.29 Smith Micro Software 324
12.30 SpectrumMax 325
12.31 Syniverse Technologies 326
12.32 TP-LINK Technologies 327
12.33 Tranzeo Wireless Technologies 328
12.34 Ubiquiti Networks 329
12.35 WeFi 330
12.36 Zebra Technologies Corporation 331
12.37 ZyXEL 332

13 Chapter 3.13: Enabling Technology Providers 333
13.1 6WIND 333
13.2 Ablaze Wireless 334
13.3 Absolute Analysis 335
13.4 Accelink Technologies 336
13.5 ADLINK Technology 337
13.6 ADI (Analog Devices Inc.) 338
13.7 Advantech 339
13.8 AirHop Communications 340
13.9 AKM (Asahi Kasei Microdevices) 341
13.10 Allot Communications 342
13.11 Amarisoft 343
13.12 Amdocs 344
13.13 Anritsu Corporation 345
13.14 Aricent 346
13.15 ARM Holdings 347
13.16 Astellia 348
13.17 ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute) 349
13.18 Artesyn Embedded Technologies 350
13.19 Artiza Networks 351
13.20 Avago Technologies 352
13.21 Azcom Technology 353
13.22 Benetel 354
13.23 Blu Wireless Technology 355
13.24 Broadcom Corporation 356
13.25 Cadence Design Systems 357
13.26 Cavium 358
13.27 CeedTec 359
13.28 Cellwize 360
13.29 Celtro 361
13.30 Coherent Logix 362
13.31 Comcores ApS 363
13.32 CommAgility 364
13.33 D2 Technologies 365
13.34 Dell 366
13.35 Direct Beam 367
13.36 eASIC Corporation 368
13.37 EDX Wireless 369
13.38 Eoptolink Technology 370
13.39 ERCOM 371
13.40 EXFO 372
13.41 Federated Wireless 373
13.42 Faraday Technology Corporation 374
13.43 Finisar Corporation 375
13.44 GigaLight (Shenzhen Gigalight Technology Company) 376
13.45 GlobalFoundaries 377
13.46 Hisense (Hisense Broadband Multimedia Technology) 378
13.47 HG Genuine 379
13.48 IDT (Integrated Device Technology) 380
13.49 IMEC International 381
13.50 InfoVista 382
13.51 InnoLight Technology Corporation 383
13.52 Intel Corporation 384
13.53 InterDigital 385
13.54 iPosi 386
13.55 Ixia 387
13.56 Keysight Technologies 388
13.57 Kumu Networks 389
13.58 Lattice Semiconductor 390
13.59 Lime Microsystems 391
13.60 Lumentum 392
13.61 Macom (M/A-COM Technology Solutions) 393
13.62 Maxim Integrated 394
13.63 Mellanox Technologies 395
13.64 Microsemi Corporation 396
13.65 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 397
13.66 Mobiveil 398
13.67 Molex 399
13.68 Nash Technologies 400
13.69 NetScout Systems 401
13.70 Node-H 402
13.71 Nomor Research 403
13.72 NXP Semiconductors 404
13.73 OE Solutions 405
13.74 Octasic 406
13.75 Optulink 407
13.76 P.I. Works 408
13.77 Pletronics 409
13.78 PMC-Sierra 410
13.79 Procera Networks 411
13.80 Public Wireless 412
13.81 Qualcomm 413
13.82 Qulsar 414
13.83 QEOS 415
13.84 Qwilt 416
13.85 RADCOM 417
13.86 Radisys Corporation 418
13.87 Rakon 419
13.88 Red Hat 420
13.89 Reverb Networks 421
13.90 RF DSP 422
13.91 Saguna Networks 423
13.92 SAI Technology 424
13.93 Sarokal Test Systems 425
13.94 Silicon Labs 426
13.95 Sistelbanda 427
13.96 Source Photonics 428
13.97 Tata Elxsi 429
13.98 TEOCO Corporation 430
13.99 TI (Texas Instruments) 431
13.100 Tulinx 432
13.101 U-blox 433
13.102 Vectron International 434
13.103 Viavi Solutions 435
13.104 VPIsystems 436
13.105 WiPro 437
13.106 XCellAir 438
13.107 Xelic 439
13.108 Xilinx 440

14 Chapter 3.14: Mobile Backhaul & Fronthaul Vendors 441
14.1 3Roam 441
14.2 4RF 441
14.3 Accedian Networks 442
14.4 Actelis Networks 443
14.5 Actiontec 443
14.6 Actus Networks 443
14.7 ADTRAN 444
14.8 ADVA Optical Networking 445
14.9 Advantech Wireless 445
14.10 ALAXALA Networks 446
14.11 Albis Technologies 446
14.12 ALCOMA 446
14.13 Allied Data Technologies 447
14.14 Allied Telesis 447
14.15 Aquantia 447
14.16 Arris 448
14.17 Avanti Communications 448
14.18 Aviat Networks 449
14.19 AVM 450
14.20 BLiNQ Networks 450
14.21 BluWan 451
14.22 BridgeWave Communications 452
14.23 BTI Systems 453
14.24 CableFree Solutions 453
14.25 Calix 454
14.26 Cambium Networks 454
14.27 Canoga Perkins 455
14.28 Carlson Wireless Technologies 455
14.29 CBNL (Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd.) 456
14.30 CCS (Cambridge Communication Systems) 457
14.31 Ceragon 457
14.32 Cielo Networks 458
14.33 Ciena Corporation 458
14.34 Comtrend 459
14.35 Corecess 460
14.36 Coriant 460
14.37 DASAN Networks 461
14.38 DragonWave 462
14.39 E-Band Communications (Moseley Associates) 463
14.40 EBlink 464
14.41 ECI Telecom 465
14.42 Elva-1 465
14.43 Exalt Communications 466
14.44 Extreme Networks 467
14.45 FastBack Networks 468
14.46 Fiberhome Technologies 469
14.47 FibroLan 469
14.48 Genmix Technology 470
14.49 Gilat Satellite Networks 470
14.50 HFR 471
14.51 Huahuan 471
14.52 Hughes Network Systems 472
14.53 HXI 472
14.54 iDirect 473
14.55 Infinera 474
14.56 Intracom Telecom 475
14.57 IPITEK 476
14.58 Iskratel 476
14.59 KEYMILE 476
14.60 LightPointe Communications 477
14.61 Loea Corporation 478
14.62 MAX4G 478
14.63 Microwave Networks 479
14.64 MIMOtech 480
14.65 MRV Communications 481
14.66 Nexcomm Systems 481
14.67 NexxComm Wireless 481
14.68 Omnitron Systems 482
14.69 OneAccess Networks 482
14.70 Polewall 482
14.71 Positron 483
14.72 Proxim Wireless Corporation 483
14.73 RACOM 484
14.74 RAD Data Communications 484
14.75 RADWIN 485
14.76 SAF Tehnika 486
14.77 SIAE Microelectronics (SIAE Microelectronica) 486
14.78 Siklu 487
14.79 SkyFiber 488
14.80 SMC Networks 488
14.81 Solectek 488
14.82 Star Microwave 489
14.83 Tarana Wireless 489
14.84 Telco Systems 490
14.85 Tellion 491
14.86 Tellumat 491
14.87 Telsey 491
14.88 Tilgin 491
14.89 Trango Systems 492
14.90 Ubiquoss 492
14.91 UTStarcom 492
14.92 Vubiq Networks 493
14.93 Wave1 493
14.94 Wavesight 494
14.95 Xavi Technologies 494
14.96 Yamaha Corporation 494
14.97 Zhone Technologies 495

15 Chapter 3.15: Market Analysis and Forecasts 496
15.1 Global Outlook of HetNet Infrastructure Investments 496
15.2 Small Cells 498
15.2.1 Segmentation by Use Case 499
15.2.1.1 Residential 500
15.2.1.2 Enterprise 501
15.2.1.3 Urban 502
15.2.1.4 Rural & Suburban 503
15.2.2 Segmentation by Form Factor 504
15.2.2.1 Femtocells 505
15.2.2.2 Picocells 506
15.2.2.3 Microcells 507
15.2.3 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 508
15.2.3.1 2G & 3G 509
15.2.3.2 LTE 510
15.2.3.3 5G 511
15.2.4 Segmentation by Deployment Model 512
15.2.4.1 Indoor 513
15.2.4.2 Outdoor 514
15.3 Small Cell Backhaul 515
15.3.1 Segmentation by Technology 516
15.3.1.1 DSL 517
15.3.1.2 Ethernet 517
15.3.1.3 Microwave 518
15.3.1.4 Millimeter Wave 518
15.3.1.5 Satellite 519
15.3.1.6 Fiber & Others 519
15.4 Carrier Wi-Fi 520
15.4.1 Segmentation by Submarket 520
15.4.1.1 Access Points 521
15.4.1.2 Access Point Controllers 522
15.4.2 Segmentation by Integration Approach 523
15.4.2.1 Standalone Wi-Fi Hotspots 524
15.4.2.2 Managed Wi-Fi Offload 525
15.5 C-RAN 526
15.5.1 Segmentation by Submarket 526
15.5.1.1 RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) 527
15.5.1.2 BBUs (Baseband Units) 528
15.5.2 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 529
15.5.2.1 3G & LTE 529
15.5.2.2 5G 530
15.5.3 Segmentation by Deployment Model 531
15.5.3.1 Indoor 532
15.5.3.2 Outdoor 533
15.6 C-RAN Fronthaul 534
15.6.1 Segmentation by Technology 534
15.6.1.1 Dedicated Fiber 535
15.6.1.2 WDM 535
15.6.1.3 OTN & PON 536
15.6.1.4 Ethernet 536
15.6.1.5 Microwave 537
15.6.1.6 Millimeter Wave 537
15.7 DAS 538
15.7.1 Segmentation by Deployment Model 539
15.7.1.1 Indoor 540
15.7.1.2 Outdoor 541
15.8 Segmentation by Region 542
15.8.1 Small Cells 543
15.8.2 Small Cell Backhaul 544
15.8.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 544
15.8.4 C-RAN 546
15.8.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 548
15.8.6 DAS 549
15.9 Asia Pacific 550
15.9.1 Small Cells 551
15.9.2 Small Cell Backhaul 552
15.9.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 552
15.9.4 C-RAN 554
15.9.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 556
15.9.6 DAS 557
15.10 Eastern Europe 558
15.10.1 Small Cells 559
15.10.2 Small Cell Backhaul 560
15.10.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 560
15.10.4 C-RAN 562
15.10.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 564
15.10.6 DAS 565
15.11 Latin & Central America 566
15.11.1 Small Cells 567
15.11.2 Small Cell Backhaul 568
15.11.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 568
15.11.4 C-RAN 570
15.11.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 572
15.11.6 DAS 573
15.12 Middle East & Africa 574
15.12.1 Small Cells 575
15.12.2 Small Cell Backhaul 576
15.12.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 576
15.12.4 C-RAN 578
15.12.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 580
15.12.6 DAS 581
15.13 North America 582
15.13.1 Small Cells 583
15.13.2 Small Cell Backhaul 584
15.13.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 584
15.13.4 C-RAN 586
15.13.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 588
15.13.6 DAS 589
15.14 Western Europe 590
15.14.1 Small Cells 591
15.14.2 Small Cell Backhaul 592
15.14.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 592
15.14.4 C-RAN 594
15.14.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 596
15.14.6 DAS 597

16 Chapter 3.16: Conclusion and Strategic Recommendations 598
16.1 Why is the Market Poised to Grow? 598
16.2 Competitive Industry Landscape: Acquisitions, Alliances & Consolidation 598
16.3 What is the TCO Impact of HetNet Deployments? 600
16.4 The Formula for Success: Selecting the Right Combination of HetNet Technologies 600
16.5 Offloading with TD-LTE Small Cells 601
16.6 The Emergence of Unlicensed LTE Small Cells 601
16.6.1 LTE-U vs. LAA 602
16.6.2 Commercial Prospects: How Big is the Opportunity? 603
16.6.3 Mobile Operator Commitments 604
16.6.4 Wi-Fi Community Concerns 605
16.7 What are the Prospects of Cloud RAN? 606
16.8 Convergence of C-RAN and Small Cells: Distributing Baseband Intelligence 607
16.9 Accelerating the Transition to Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Networks 609
16.10 Standardization Driving RAN & Carrier Wi-Fi Integration 611
16.11 Prospects of Enterprise RAN Deployments 613
16.12 Network Visibility & OAM 614
16.13 Addressing Network Security: IPsec 614
16.14 Vendor Share Analysis 615
16.14.1 Small Cells 615
16.14.2 Carrier Wi-Fi 616
16.14.3 C-RAN 617
16.14.4 DAS 618
16.15 Strategic Recommendations 619
16.15.1 HetNet Infrastructure Vendors 619
16.15.2 Mobile Operators 620

List of Figures  

Figure 1.1: The NFV Concept 42
Figure 1.2: A Comparison of SDN and NFV 46
Figure 1.3: C-RAN Architecture 58
Figure 1.4: Virtualized and Non-Virtualized Mobile Core Networks 62
Figure 1.5: China Mobile’s NovoNet NFV/SDN Program 74
Figure 1.6: SK Telecom’s vRAN (Virtualized Radio Access Network) Vision 89
Figure 1.7: The SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Value Chain 111
Figure 1.8: The SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Industry Roadmap: 2016 - 2030 115
Figure 1.9: Global SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 393
Figure 1.10: Global SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue by User Base: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 394
Figure 1.11: Global Enterprise & Data Center SDN & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 394
Figure 1.12: Global Service Provider SDN & NFV Revenue by User Base: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 395
Figure 1.13: Global SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 395
Figure 1.14: Global SDN Hardware & Software Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 396
Figure 1.15: Global NFV Hardware & Software Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 396
Figure 1.16: Global Other Network Virtualization Software Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 397
Figure 1.17: Global Service Provider SDN & NFV Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 397
Figure 1.18: Global SDN Revenue by User Base: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 398
Figure 1.19: Global Service Provider SDN Hardware & Software Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 398
Figure 1.20: Global Enterprise & Data Center SDN Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 399
Figure 1.21: Global NFV Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 400
Figure 1.22: Global NFV Hardware Appliance Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 400
Figure 1.23: Global NFV Orchestration & Management Software Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 401
Figure 1.24: Global NFV VNF Software Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 401
Figure 1.25: Global Service Provider SDN Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 402
Figure 1.26: Global Service Provider SDN-Enabled Hardware Appliance Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 402
Figure 1.27: Global Service Provider SDN Orchestration & Management Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 403
Figure 1.28: Global Service Provider SDN Controller Software Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 403
Figure 1.29: Global Service Provider SDN Network Applications Software Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 404
Figure 1.30: Global Enterprise & Data Center SDN Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 405
Figure 1.31: Global Enterprise & Data Center SDN-Enabled Hardware Appliance Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 405
Figure 1.32: Global Enterprise & Data Center SDN-Enabled Virtual Switch Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 406
Figure 1.33: Global Enterprise & Data Center SDN Controller Software Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 406
Figure 1.34: Global Service Provider SDN & NFV Revenue by Functional Area: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 407
Figure 1.35: Global SDN & NFV Revenue in Service Provider CDNs: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 407
Figure 1.36: Global SDN & NFV Revenue in Service Provider CPE Deployments: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 408
Figure 1.37: Global SDN & NFV Revenue in Service Provider Data Centers: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 408
Figure 1.38: Global SDN & NFV Revenue in Service Provider EPC/Mobile Core Networks: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 409
Figure 1.39: Global SDN & NFV Revenue in Service Provider Fixed Access Networks: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 409
Figure 1.40: Global SDN & NFV Revenue in Service Provider IMS & VoLTE Networks: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 410
Figure 1.41: Global SDN & NFV Revenue in Service Provider Policy, OSS & BSS Systems: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 410
Figure 1.42: Global SDN & NFV Revenue in Service Provider RANs: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 411
Figure 1.43: Global SDN & NFV Revenue in Service Provider Transport & Backhaul Networks: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 411
Figure 1.44: SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 412
Figure 1.45: Asia Pacific SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 413
Figure 1.46: Australia SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 413
Figure 1.47: China SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 414
Figure 1.48: India SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 414
Figure 1.49: Japan SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 415
Figure 1.50: South Korea SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 415
Figure 1.51: Pakistan SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 416
Figure 1.52: Thailand SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 416
Figure 1.53: Indonesia SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 417
Figure 1.54: Malaysia SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 417
Figure 1.55: Taiwan SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 418
Figure 1.56: Philippines SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 418
Figure 1.57: Singapore SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 419
Figure 1.58: SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue in the Rest of Asia Pacific: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 419
Figure 1.59: Eastern Europe SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 420
Figure 1.60: Czech Republic SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 420
Figure 1.61: Poland SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 421
Figure 1.62: Russia SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 421
Figure 1.63: SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue in the Rest of Eastern Europe: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 422
Figure 1.64: Latin & Central America SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 423
Figure 1.65: Argentina SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 423
Figure 1.66: Brazil SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 424
Figure 1.67: Mexico SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 424
Figure 1.68: SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue in the Rest of Latin & Central America: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 425
Figure 1.69: Middle East & Africa SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 426
Figure 1.70: South Africa SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 426
Figure 1.71: UAE SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 427
Figure 1.72: Qatar SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 427
Figure 1.73: Saudi Arabia SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 428
Figure 1.74: Israel SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 428
Figure 1.75: SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue in the Rest of the Middle East & Africa: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 429
Figure 1.76: North America SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 430
Figure 1.77: USA SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 430
Figure 1.78: Canada SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 431
Figure 1.79: Western Europe SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 432
Figure 1.80: Denmark SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 432
Figure 1.81: Finland SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 433
Figure 1.82: France SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 433
Figure 1.83: Germany SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 434
Figure 1.84: Italy SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 434
Figure 1.85: Spain SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 435
Figure 1.86: Sweden SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 435
Figure 1.87: Norway SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 436
Figure 1.88: UK SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 436
Figure 1.89: SDN, NFV & Network Virtualization Revenue in the Rest of Western Europe: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 437
Figure 1.90: Virtualized vs. Non-Virtualized EPC Investments: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 442
Figure 1.91: SDN & NFV Induced Service Provider CapEx Saving Potential by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 443
Figure 1.92: Management & Orchestration Software Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 444
Figure 2.46: Global Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 108
Figure 2.47: Global Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 109
Figure 2.48: Global Mobile Network Subscriptions by Technology: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 110
Figure 2.49: Global Mobile Network Service Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 110
Figure 2.50: Global 2G & 3G Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 111
Figure 2.51: Global 2G & 3G Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 111
Figure 2.52: Global FDD LTE Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 112
Figure 2.53: Global FDD LTE Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 112
Figure 2.54: Global TD-LTE Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 113
Figure 2.55: Global TD-LTE Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 113
Figure 2.56: Global WiMAX Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 114
Figure 2.57: Global WiMAX Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 114
Figure 2.58: Global 5G Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 115
Figure 2.59: Global 5G Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 115
Figure 2.60: Mobile Network Subscriptions by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 116
Figure 2.61: Mobile Network Service Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 116
Figure 2.62: Asia Pacific Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 117
Figure 2.63: Asia Pacific Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 117
Figure 2.64: Eastern Europe Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 118
Figure 2.65: Eastern Europe Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 118
Figure 2.66: Latin & Central America Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 119
Figure 2.67: Latin & Central America Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 119
Figure 2.68: Middle East & Africa Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 120
Figure 2.69: Middle East & Africa Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 120
Figure 2.70: North America Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 121
Figure 2.71: North America Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 121
Figure 2.72: Western Europe Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 122
Figure 2.73: Western Europe Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 122
Figure 2.74: RRH & FTTA Design 124
Figure 2.75: Legacy RAN to C-RAN Architectural Migration 125
Figure 2.76: The Wireless Network Infrastructure Industry Roadmap: 2016 - 2030 133
Figure 2.77: Wireless Network Infrastructure Value Chain 137
Figure 2.78: Macrocell RAN Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 143
Figure 2.79: Mobile Core Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 144
Figure 2.80: Small Cell Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 144
Figure 2.81: Carrier Wi-Fi Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 145
Figure 2.82: C-RAN Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 145
Figure 2.83: DAS Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 146
Figure 2.84: Backhaul & Fronthaul Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 146
Figure 2.85: Global Wireless Network Infrastructure Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 458
Figure 2.86: Global Wireless Network Infrastructure Market Share by Submarket: 2016 (%) 459
Figure 2.87: Global Wireless Network Infrastructure Market Share by Submarket: 2020 (%) 459
Figure 2.88: Global Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 460
Figure 2.89: Global Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 461
Figure 2.90: Global Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 461
Figure 2.91: Global Macrocell Base Station Shipments by Air Interface Technology: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 462
Figure 2.92: Global Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue by Air Interface Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 462
Figure 2.93: Global 2G & 3G Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 463
Figure 2.94: Global 2G & 3G Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 463
Figure 2.95: Global 2G & 3G Macrocell BSC Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 464
Figure 2.96: Global LTE FDD Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 465
Figure 2.97: Global LTE FDD Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 465
Figure 2.98: Global TD-LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 466
Figure 2.99: Global TD-LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 466
Figure 2.100: Global WiMAX Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 467
Figure 2.101: Global WiMAX Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 467
Figure 2.102: Global 5G Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 468
Figure 2.103: Global 5G Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 468
Figure 2.104: Global Mobile Core Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 469
Figure 2.105: Global Mobile Core Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 469
Figure 2.106: Global 3G Packet Core Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 470
Figure 2.107: Global HLR Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 470
Figure 2.108: Global MSS Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 471
Figure 2.109: Global LTE EPC Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 471
Figure 2.110: Global WIMAX Mobile Core Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 472
Figure 2.111: Global 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 472
Figure 2.112: Global Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 473
Figure 2.113: Global Macrocell Backhaul Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 473
Figure 2.114: Global Ethernet Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 474
Figure 2.115: Global Microwave & Millimeter Wave Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 474
Figure 2.116: Global Satellite Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 475
Figure 2.117: Global WDM Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 475
Figure 2.118: Global PON Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 476
Figure 2.119: Global Other Technologies Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 476
Figure 2.120: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 477
Figure 2.121: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 477
Figure 2.122: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Use Case: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 478
Figure 2.123: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Use Case: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 478
Figure 2.124: Global Residential Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 479
Figure 2.125: Global Residential Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 479
Figure 2.126: Global Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 480
Figure 2.127: Global Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 480
Figure 2.128: Global Urban Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 481
Figure 2.129: Global Urban Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 481
Figure 2.130: Global Rural & Suburban Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 482
Figure 2.131: Global Rural & Suburban Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 482
Figure 2.132: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Form Factor: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 483
Figure 2.133: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Form Factor: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 483
Figure 2.134: Global Femtocell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 484
Figure 2.135: Global Femtocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 484
Figure 2.136: Global Picocell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 485
Figure 2.137: Global Picocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 485
Figure 2.138: Global Microcell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 486
Figure 2.139: Global Microcell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 486
Figure 2.140: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Air Interface Technology: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 487
Figure 2.141: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Air Interface Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 487
Figure 2.142: Global 2G & 3G Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 488
Figure 2.143: Global 2G & 3G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 488
Figure 2.144: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 489
Figure 2.145: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 489
Figure 2.146: Global 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 490
Figure 2.147: Global 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 490
Figure 2.148: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 491
Figure 2.149: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 491
Figure 2.150: Global Indoor Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 492
Figure 2.151: Global Indoor Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 492
Figure 2.152: Global Outdoor Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 493
Figure 2.153: Global Outdoor Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 493
Figure 2.154: Global Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 494
Figure 2.155: Global Small Cell Backhaul Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 494
Figure 2.156: Global DSL Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 495
Figure 2.157: Global Ethernet Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 495
Figure 2.158: Global Microwave Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 496
Figure 2.159: Global Millimeter Wave Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 496
Figure 2.160: Global Satellite Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 497
Figure 2.161: Global Fiber & Other Technologies Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 497
Figure 2.162: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 498
Figure 2.163: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 498
Figure 2.164: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 499
Figure 2.165: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 499
Figure 2.166: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 500
Figure 2.167: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 500
Figure 2.168: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments by Integration Approach: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 501
Figure 2.169: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue by Integration Approach: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 501
Figure 2.170: Global Standalone Carrier Wi-Fi Hotspot Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 502
Figure 2.171: Global Standalone Carrier Wi-Fi Hotspot Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 502
Figure 2.172: Global Managed Carrier Wi-Fi Offload Hotspot Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 503
Figure 2.173: Global Managed Carrier Wi-Fi Offload Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 503
Figure 2.174: Global C-RAN Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 504
Figure 2.175: Global C-RAN Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 504
Figure 2.176: Global RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 505
Figure 2.177: Global RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 505
Figure 2.178: Global C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 506
Figure 2.179: Global C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 506
Figure 2.180: Global C-RAN Revenue by Air Interface Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 507
Figure 2.181: Global C-RAN Revenue in 3G & LTE Networks: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 507
Figure 2.182: Global C-RAN Revenue in 5G Networks: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 508
Figure 2.183: Global RRH Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 509
Figure 2.184: Global RRH Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 509
Figure 2.185: Global Indoor RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 510
Figure 2.186: Global Indoor RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 510
Figure 2.187: Global Outdoor RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 511
Figure 2.188: Global Outdoor RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 511
Figure 2.189: Global C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 512
Figure 2.190: Global C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 512
Figure 2.191: Global Dedicated Fiber Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 513
Figure 2.192: Global WDM Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 513
Figure 2.193: Global OTN & PON Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 514
Figure 2.194: Global Ethernet Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 514
Figure 2.195: Global Microwave Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 515
Figure 2.196: Global Millimeter Wave Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 515
Figure 2.197: Global DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 516
Figure 2.198: Global DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 516
Figure 2.199: Global DAS Node Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 517
Figure 2.200: Global DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 517
Figure 2.201: Global Indoor DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 518
Figure 2.202: Global Indoor DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 518
Figure 2.203: Global Outdoor DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 519
Figure 2.204: Global Outdoor DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 519
Figure 2.205: Wireless Network Infrastructure Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 520
Figure 2.206: Macrocell Base Station Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 521
Figure 2.207: Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 521
Figure 2.208: 2G & 3G Macrocell BSC Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 522
Figure 2.209: Mobile Core Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 522
Figure 2.210: Macrocell Backhaul Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 523
Figure 2.211: Small Cell Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 523
Figure 2.212: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 524
Figure 2.213: Small Cell Backhaul Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 524
Figure 2.214: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 525
Figure 2.215: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 525
Figure 2.216: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 526
Figure 2.217: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 526
Figure 2.218: RRH Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 527
Figure 2.219: RRH Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 527
Figure 2.220: C-RAN BBU Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 528
Figure 2.221: C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 528
Figure 2.222: C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 529
Figure 2.223: DAS Node Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 529
Figure 2.224: DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 530
Figure 2.225: Asia Pacific Wireless Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 531
Figure 2.226: Asia Pacific Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 531
Figure 2.227: Asia Pacific Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 532
Figure 2.228: Asia Pacific 2G & 3G Macrocell BSC Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 532
Figure 2.229: Asia Pacific Mobile Core Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 533
Figure 2.230: Asia Pacific Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 533
Figure 2.231: Asia Pacific Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 534
Figure 2.232: Asia Pacific Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 534
Figure 2.233: Asia Pacific Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 535
Figure 2.234: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 535
Figure 2.235: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 536
Figure 2.236: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 536
Figure 2.237: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 537
Figure 2.238: Asia Pacific RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 537
Figure 2.239: Asia Pacific RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 538
Figure 2.240: Asia Pacific C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 538
Figure 2.241: Asia Pacific C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 539
Figure 2.242: Asia Pacific C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 539
Figure 2.243: Asia Pacific DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 540
Figure 2.244: Asia Pacific DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 540
Figure 2.245: Eastern Europe Wireless Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 541
Figure 2.246: Eastern Europe Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 541
Figure 2.247: Eastern Europe Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 542
Figure 2.248: Eastern Europe 2G & 3G Macrocell BSC Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 542
Figure 2.249: Eastern Europe Mobile Core Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 543
Figure 2.250: Eastern Europe Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 543
Figure 2.251: Eastern Europe Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 544
Figure 2.252: Eastern Europe Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 544
Figure 2.253: Eastern Europe Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 545
Figure 2.254: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 545
Figure 2.255: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 546
Figure 2.256: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 546
Figure 2.257: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 547
Figure 2.258: Eastern Europe RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 547
Figure 2.259: Eastern Europe RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 548
Figure 2.260: Eastern Europe C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 548
Figure 2.261: Eastern Europe C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 549
Figure 2.262: Eastern Europe C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 549
Figure 2.263: Eastern Europe DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 550
Figure 2.264: Eastern Europe DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 550
Figure 2.265: Latin & Central America Wireless Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 551
Figure 2.266: Latin & Central America Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 551
Figure 2.267: Latin & Central America Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 552
Figure 2.268: Latin & Central America 2G & 3G Macrocell BSC Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 552
Figure 2.269: Latin & Central America Mobile Core Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 553
Figure 2.270: Latin & Central America Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 553
Figure 2.271: Latin & Central America Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 554
Figure 2.272: Latin & Central America Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 554
Figure 2.273: Latin & Central America Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 555
Figure 2.274: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 555
Figure 2.275: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 556
Figure 2.276: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 556
Figure 2.277: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 557
Figure 2.278: Latin & Central America RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 557
Figure 2.279: Latin & Central America RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 558
Figure 2.280: Latin & Central America C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 558
Figure 2.281: Latin & Central America C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 559
Figure 2.282: Latin & Central America C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 559
Figure 2.283: Latin & Central America DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 560
Figure 2.284: Latin & Central America DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 560
Figure 2.285: Middle East & Africa Wireless Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 561
Figure 2.286: Middle East & Africa Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 561
Figure 2.287: Middle East & Africa Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 562
Figure 2.288: Middle East & Africa 2G & 3G Macrocell BSC Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 562
Figure 2.289: Middle East & Africa Mobile Core Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 563
Figure 2.290: Middle East & Africa Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 563
Figure 2.291: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 564
Figure 2.292: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 564
Figure 2.293: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 565
Figure 2.294: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 565
Figure 2.295: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 566
Figure 2.296: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 566
Figure 2.297: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 567
Figure 2.298: Middle East & Africa RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 567
Figure 2.299: Middle East & Africa RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 568
Figure 2.300: Middle East & Africa C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 568
Figure 2.301: Middle East & Africa C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 569
Figure 2.302: Middle East & Africa C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 569
Figure 2.303: Middle East & Africa DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 570
Figure 2.304: Middle East & Africa DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 570
Figure 2.305: North America Wireless Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 571
Figure 2.306: North America Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 571
Figure 2.307: North America Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 572
Figure 2.308: North America 2G & 3G Macrocell BSC Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 572
Figure 2.309: North America Mobile Core Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 573
Figure 2.310: North America Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 573
Figure 2.311: North America Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 574
Figure 2.312: North America Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 574
Figure 2.313: North America Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 575
Figure 2.314: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 575
Figure 2.315: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 576
Figure 2.316: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 576
Figure 2.317: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 577
Figure 2.318: North America RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 577
Figure 2.319: North America RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 578
Figure 2.320: North America C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 578
Figure 2.321: North America C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 579
Figure 2.322: North America C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 579
Figure 2.323: North America DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 580
Figure 2.324: North America DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 580
Figure 2.325: Western Europe Wireless Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 581
Figure 2.326: Western Europe Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 581
Figure 2.327: Western Europe Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 582
Figure 2.328: Western Europe 2G & 3G Macrocell BSC Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 582
Figure 2.329: Western Europe Mobile Core Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 583
Figure 2.330: Western Europe Macrocell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 583
Figure 2.331: Western Europe Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 584
Figure 2.332: Western Europe Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 584
Figure 2.333: Western Europe Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 585
Figure 2.334: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 585
Figure 2.335: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 586
Figure 2.336: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 586
Figure 2.337: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 587
Figure 2.338: Western Europe RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 587
Figure 2.339: Western Europe RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 588
Figure 2.340: Western Europe C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 588
Figure 2.341: Western Europe C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 589
Figure 2.342: Western Europe C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 589
Figure 2.343: Western Europe DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 590
Figure 2.344: Western Europe DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 590
Figure 2.345: Global Enterprise RAN Investments: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 593
Figure 2.346: Baseband Processing Distribution Options for C-RAN 596
Figure 2.347: Global Dual-Mode Cellular/Wi-Fi Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 599
Figure 2.348: SWOT Analysis of the Wireless Network Infrastructure Market 610
Figure 3.1: HetNet Architecture 57
Figure 3.2: Small Cell Coverage Range Comparison 59
Figure 3.3: Key Characteristics of Small Cells 60
Figure 3.4: Mobile Network Data Offloading via Wi-Fi 62
Figure 3.5: C-RAN Architecture 64
Figure 3.6: Key RRH & BBU Functions 66
Figure 3.7: Cloud RAN Concept 67
Figure 3.8: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Region: 2016 – 2030 (Exabytes) 72
Figure 3.9: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Access Network Technology: 2016 - 2030 (Exabytes) 73
Figure 3.10: Iuh based Small Cell Integration in a 3G Mobile Network 80
Figure 3.11: Iub based Small Cell Integration in a 3G Mobile Network 81
Figure 3.12: S1 Interface based Small Cell Integration in an LTE Network 82
Figure 3.13: CPRI Protocol Layers 83
Figure 3.14: Global SON Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 97
Figure 3.15: HetNet Industry Roadmap: 2016 - 2030 98
Figure 3.16: HetNet Value Chain 101
Figure 3.17: SCaaS Provider and Mobile Operator Responsibilities 114
Figure 3.18: Global SCaaS Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 115
Figure 3.19: Small Cell Forum Working Groups 147
Figure 3.20: China Mobile’s Cloud RAN Vision 158
Figure 3.21: NTT DoCoMo’s Advanced C-RAN Architecture 166
Figure 3.22: Global HetNet Infrastructure Revenue by Access Network Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 500
Figure 3.23: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 502
Figure 3.24: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 502
Figure 3.25: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Use Case: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 503
Figure 3.26: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Use Case: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 503
Figure 3.27: Global Residential Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 504
Figure 3.28: Global Residential Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 504
Figure 3.29: Global Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 505
Figure 3.30: Global Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 505
Figure 3.31: Global Urban Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 506
Figure 3.32: Global Urban Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 506
Figure 3.33: Global Rural & Suburban Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 507
Figure 3.34: Global Rural & Suburban Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 507
Figure 3.35: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Form Factor: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 508
Figure 3.36: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Form Factor: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 508
Figure 3.37: Global Femtocell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 509
Figure 3.38: Global Femtocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 509
Figure 3.39: Global Picocell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 510
Figure 3.40: Global Picocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 510
Figure 3.41: Global Microcell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 511
Figure 3.42: Global Microcell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 511
Figure 3.43: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Air Interface Technology: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 512
Figure 3.44: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Air Interface Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 512
Figure 3.45: Global 2G & 3G Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 513
Figure 3.46: Global 2G & 3G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 513
Figure 3.47: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 514
Figure 3.48: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 514
Figure 3.49: Global 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 515
Figure 3.50: Global 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 515
Figure 3.51: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 516
Figure 3.52: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 516
Figure 3.53: Global Indoor Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 517
Figure 3.54: Global Indoor Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 517
Figure 3.55: Global Outdoor Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 518
Figure 3.56: Global Outdoor Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 518
Figure 3.57: Global Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 520
Figure 3.58: Global Small Cell Backhaul Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 520
Figure 3.59: Global DSL Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 521
Figure 3.60: Global Ethernet Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 521
Figure 3.61: Global Microwave Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 522
Figure 3.62: Global Millimeter Wave Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 522
Figure 3.63: Global Satellite Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 523
Figure 3.64: Global Fiber & Other Technologies Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 523
Figure 3.65: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 524
Figure 3.66: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 524
Figure 3.67: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 525
Figure 3.68: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 525
Figure 3.69: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 526
Figure 3.70: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 526
Figure 3.71: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments by Integration Approach: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 527
Figure 3.72: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue by Integration Approach: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 527
Figure 3.73: Global Standalone Carrier Wi-Fi Hotspot Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 528
Figure 3.74: Global Standalone Carrier Wi-Fi Hotspot Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 528
Figure 3.75: Global Managed Carrier Wi-Fi Offload Hotspot Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 529
Figure 3.76: Global Managed Carrier Wi-Fi Offload Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 529
Figure 3.77: Global C-RAN Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 530
Figure 3.78: Global C-RAN Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 530
Figure 3.79: Global RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 531
Figure 3.80: Global RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 531
Figure 3.81: Global C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 532
Figure 3.82: Global C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 532
Figure 3.83: Global C-RAN Revenue by Air Interface Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 533
Figure 3.84: Global C-RAN Revenue in 3G & LTE Networks: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 533
Figure 3.85: Global C-RAN Revenue in 5G Networks: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 534
Figure 3.86: Global RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 535
Figure 3.87: Global RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 535
Figure 3.88: Global Indoor RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 536
Figure 3.89: Global Indoor RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 536
Figure 3.90: Global Outdoor RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 537
Figure 3.91: Global Outdoor RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 537
Figure 3.92: Global C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 538
Figure 3.93: Global C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 538
Figure 3.94: Global Dedicated Fiber Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 539
Figure 3.95: Global WDM Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 539
Figure 3.96: Global OTN & PON Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 540
Figure 3.97: Global Ethernet Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 540
Figure 3.98: Global Microwave Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 541
Figure 3.99: Global Millimeter Wave Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 541
Figure 3.100: Global DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 542
Figure 3.101: Global DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 542
Figure 3.102: Global DAS Node Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 543
Figure 3.103: Global DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 543
Figure 3.104: Global Indoor DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 544
Figure 3.105: Global Indoor DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 544
Figure 3.106: Global Outdoor DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 545
Figure 3.107: Global Outdoor DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 545
Figure 3.108: HetNet Infrastructure Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 546
Figure 3.109: Small Cell Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 547
Figure 3.110: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 547
Figure 3.111: Small Cell Backhaul Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 548
Figure 3.112: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 548
Figure 3.113: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 549
Figure 3.114: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 549
Figure 3.115: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 550
Figure 3.116: RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 550
Figure 3.117: RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 551
Figure 3.118: C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 551
Figure 3.119: C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 552
Figure 3.120: C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 552
Figure 3.121: DAS Node Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 553
Figure 3.122: DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 553
Figure 3.123: Asia Pacific HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 554
Figure 3.124: Asia Pacific Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 555
Figure 3.125: Asia Pacific Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 555
Figure 3.126: Asia Pacific Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 556
Figure 3.127: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 556
Figure 3.128: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 557
Figure 3.129: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 557
Figure 3.130: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 558
Figure 3.131: Asia Pacific RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 558
Figure 3.132: Asia Pacific RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 559
Figure 3.133: Asia Pacific C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 559
Figure 3.134: Asia Pacific C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 560
Figure 3.135: Asia Pacific C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 560
Figure 3.136: Asia Pacific DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 561
Figure 3.137: Asia Pacific DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 561
Figure 3.138: Eastern Europe HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 562
Figure 3.139: Eastern Europe Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 563
Figure 3.140: Eastern Europe Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 563
Figure 3.141: Eastern Europe Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 564
Figure 3.142: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 564
Figure 3.143: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 565
Figure 3.144: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 565
Figure 3.145: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 566
Figure 3.146: Eastern Europe RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 566
Figure 3.147: Eastern Europe RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 567
Figure 3.148: Eastern Europe C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 567
Figure 3.149: Eastern Europe C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 568
Figure 3.150: Eastern Europe C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 568
Figure 3.151: Eastern Europe DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 569
Figure 3.152: Eastern Europe DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 569
Figure 3.153: Latin & Central America HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 570
Figure 3.154: Latin & Central America Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 571
Figure 3.155: Latin & Central America Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 571
Figure 3.156: Latin & Central America Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 572
Figure 3.157: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 572
Figure 3.158: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 573
Figure 3.159: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 573
Figure 3.160: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 574
Figure 3.161: Latin & Central America RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 574
Figure 3.162: Latin & Central America RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 575
Figure 3.163: Latin & Central America C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 575
Figure 3.164: Latin & Central America C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 576
Figure 3.165: Latin & Central America C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 576
Figure 3.166: Latin & Central America DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 577
Figure 3.167: Latin & Central America DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 577
Figure 3.168: Middle East & Africa HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 578
Figure 3.169: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 579
Figure 3.170: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 579
Figure 3.171: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 580
Figure 3.172: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 580
Figure 3.173: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 581
Figure 3.174: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 581
Figure 3.175: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 582
Figure 3.176: Middle East & Africa RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 582
Figure 3.177: Middle East & Africa RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 583
Figure 3.178: Middle East & Africa C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 583
Figure 3.179: Middle East & Africa C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 584
Figure 3.180: Middle East & Africa C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 584
Figure 3.181: Middle East & Africa DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 585
Figure 3.182: Middle East & Africa DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 585
Figure 3.183: North America HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 586
Figure 3.184: North America Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 587
Figure 3.185: North America Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 587
Figure 3.186: North America Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 588
Figure 3.187: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 588
Figure 3.188: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 589
Figure 3.189: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 589
Figure 3.190: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 590
Figure 3.191: North America RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 590
Figure 3.192: North America RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 591
Figure 3.193: North America C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 591
Figure 3.194: North America C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 592
Figure 3.195: North America C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 592
Figure 3.196: North America DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 593
Figure 3.197: North America DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 593
Figure 3.198: Western Europe HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 594
Figure 3.199: Western Europe Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 595
Figure 3.200: Western Europe Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 595
Figure 3.201: Western Europe Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 596
Figure 3.202: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 596
Figure 3.203: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 597
Figure 3.204: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 597
Figure 3.205: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 598
Figure 3.206: Western Europe RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 598
Figure 3.207: Western Europe RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 599
Figure 3.208: Western Europe C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 599
Figure 3.209: Western Europe C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 600
Figure 3.210: Western Europe C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 600
Figure 3.211: Western Europe DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 601
Figure 3.212: Western Europe DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 601
Figure 3.213: Unlicensed LTE Small Cell Concept 606
Figure 3.214: Global Unlicensed LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 607
Figure 3.215: Global Unlicensed LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 608
Figure 3.216: Global Virtualized RAN Investments: 2016 – 2030 ($ Million) 610
Figure 3.217: Baseband Processing Distribution Options for C-RAN 611
Figure 3.218: TCO Comparison between LTE and LMR Technologies 613
Figure 3.219: Global Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 614
Figure 3.220: Global Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 615
Figure 3.221: Global Dual-Mode Cellular/Wi-Fi Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 616
Figure 3.222: Global Enterprise RAN Investments: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 617
Figure 3.223: Global Small Cell Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 619
Figure 3.224: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 620
Figure 3.225: Global C-RAN Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 621
Figure 3.226: Global DAS Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 622