Table of Contents
- CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
-
- MOTIVATION
- OBJECTIVES AND PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT
- SCOPE OF REPORT
- CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND TARGET AUDIENCE
- METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION
- AUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS
- RELATED BCC REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS
- REPORTS
- MONTHLY NEWSLETTER
- BCC ONLINE SERVICES
- DISCLAIMER
-
- CHAPTER TWO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
-
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR CNT GRADES BASED ON COMMITED PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
- SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR CNT GRADES BASED ON COMMITTED PRODUCTION, 2009-2014 ($ MILLIONS)
CHAPTER THREE: TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
WHAT ARE CNTS?
- FIGURE 1 FORMATION OF A SWNT STRUCTURE
- FIGURE 2 CNT STRUCTURES
A BRIEF HISTORY OF NANOTUBES
- TABLE 1 CHRONOLOGY OF SOME CNT LANDMARK DEVELOPMENTS, 1953-2009
COMPARISON OF CARBON COMPOUNDS
- TABLE 2 SOME COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF CARBON ALLOTROPES
DIAMOND
Diamondoids
Nanocrystalline Diamond and CNT Hybrid Films
GRAPHITE
FULLERENES
Spherical Form: Buckminsterfullerene
Cylindrical Form: CNTs
Hybrid Form: Carbon NanoBuds
Linear Form: Carbynes
CARBON NANOFIBERS
CARBON NANOSPHERES
CARBIDE-DERIVED MESOPOROUS CARBON
PROPERTIES OF CNTS
- TABLE 3 SOME CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF CNTS
- TABLE 4 COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT CNTS AND CFS
APPLICATIONS OF CNTS
- TABLE 5 DIVERSE RANGE OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS FOR CNTS
- TABLE 6 SOME EXAMPLES OF OPTIMUM FORMS OF CNTS REQUIRED FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS
OTHER TYPES OF NANOTUBE COMPOUNDS
SYNTHETIC INORGANIC NANOTUBES
- TABLE 7 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF SOME INORGANIC NANOTUBES
NATURAL INORGANIC NANOTUBES
ORGANIC NANOTUBES
NANOTUBE PRODUCTION
- TABLE 8 COMPARISON OF THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF CNT BATCH PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
ARC DISCHARGE
LASER ABLATION
CVD
SYNTHETIC PROCESSES FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH
- TABLE 9 SYNTHETIC PROCESS FACTORS AFFECTING CNT GROWTH
CONTINUOUS SCALABLE PRODUCTION
- TABLE 10 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CNT PROCESSES
- TABLE 11 COMPARISON OF SEVERAL SWNT CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
CVD
Flame Combustion
Plasma Torch
Other Developments
Catalyst-Free SWNTs
Chiral-Specific Growth Catalysts
Nonmetallic Catalysts
Natural Lava Catalysts
Pulsed Laser Vaporization (PLV)
Purer and Controlled Diameter SWNTs
Varying Carbon Feedstock
PURIFICATION AND PRODUCT QUALITY CONTROL
- TABLE 12 COMMON CNT CHEMICAL PURIFICATION PROCESSES, OUTCOMES AND DISADVANTAGES
- TABLE 13 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN SEPARATION, PURIFICATION, CAPPING AND UNCAPPING OF CNTS BASED ON U.S. PATENTS
CNT APPLICATIONS INTEGRATION
- TABLE 14 LEADING U.S. RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS SPEARHEADING CNT SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT
SURFACE CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION
- TABLE 15 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CNTS AND POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS
- TABLE 16 EXEMPLARY U.S. PATENTS RELATING TO CNT CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION
- TABLE 17 ORGANIZATIONS OFFERING SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZED CNT DISPERSIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
SEPARATING ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES
- TABLE 18 NOTABLE DEVELOPMENTS IN SORTING ELECTRONIC GRADE CNTS
CNT GROWTH AND DEVICE FABRICATION
- TABLE 19 EXEMPLARY U.S. PATENTS RELATING TO SELFASSEMBLY AND ORGANIZATION OF CNTS
- TABLE 20 SCALABLE DEVICE INTEGRATION OF CNTS
OTHER FORM FACTORS
- TABLE 21 EXEMPLARY U.S. PATENTS RELATING TO THE USE OF CNTS AS NANOTEMPLATES
DWNTS AND BUCKYPAPER
FWNTS
SWNT-BASED PEAPODS OR NANO TEST TUBES
MWNT-BASED MICROCAPSULES
OTHER FORMS OF CNTS
- TABLE 22 RECENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS IN OTHER CNT VARIANTS
DRY SPINNING OF CNT FIBERS AND SHEET FORMING YARNS
WET SPINNING OF SWNTS
CONTINUOUSLY GROWN SWNT FIBERS
CONTINUOUSLY GROWN SWNT NONWOVEN TRANSPARENT FILMS
CNT REINFORCED POLYMER FIBERS
CHAPTER FOUR: PATENT ANALYSIS
RATIONALE AND METHODOLOGY
U.S. PATENTS ISSUED
CHRONOLOGICAL GROWTH TRENDS IN PATENT ACTIVITY
- FIGURE 3 CNT PATENTS ISSUED, 1994-2009 (CUMULATIVE TOTAL: 4,434)
PATENT ACTIVITY CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION SECTOR
- FIGURE 4 BREAKDOWN OF THE MAIN INDUSTRY/APPLICATION SECTORS DERIVED FROM U.S. CNT ISSUED PATENTS, 1994- 2004 (%)
- TABLE 23 INDUSTRIAL SECTORS AND EXEMPLARY APPLICATIONS EMERGING FROM ISSUED U.S. CNT PATENTS, 1994-2009
- FIGURE 5 BREAKDOWN OF THE MAIN INDUSTRY/APPLICATION SECTORS FROM U.S. CNT ISSUED PATENTS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (%)
- FIGURE 6 NUMBER OF U.S. AND FOREIGN CNT PATENTS ISSUED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRIAL/APPLICATIONS SECTORS, 1994-2002 (NUMBER)
- FIGURE 7 NUMBER OF U.S. AND FOREIGN CNT PATENTS ISSUED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRY/APPLICATION SECTOR, 2003 AND 2004 (NUMBER)
- FIGURE 8 NUMBER OF U.S. AND FOREIGN CNT PATENTS ISSUED, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRIAL/APPLICATION SECTOR, 2007 TO JUN 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Comparison of U.S. Patent Activity with Asian, European, and Other Countries
- FIGURE 9 U.S. VERSUS ASIAN CNT PATENTS ISSUED, 1994-2004 (NUMBER)
- FIGURE 10 EUROPEAN AND OTHER COUNTRIES WITH U.S. CNT ISSUED PATENTS, 1994-2004 (NUMBER)
- FIGURE 11 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED: ASIA, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
- FIGURE 12 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED: EUROPEAN AND OTHER COUNTRIES, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Domestic Patent Activity
- FIGURE 13 LEADING U.S. STATES WITH U.S. CNT ISSUED PATENTS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Small Businesses
- TABLE 24 LEADING SMALL U.S. BUSINESSES WITH CNT ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
- TABLE 25 OTHER SMALL U.S. BUSINESSES WITH MULTIPLE CNT ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Large Businesses
- TABLE 26 LEADING LARGE U.S. BUSINESSES WITH CNT ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
- TABLE 27 OTHER LARGE U.S. BUSINESSES WITH MULTIPLE CNT ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Academic Institutions
- TABLE 28 CNT ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS AMONG LEADING U.S. ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Government and Other Not-for-Profit Institutions
- TABLE 29 U.S. GOVERNMENT AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS WITH CNT ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
U.S. Patent Activity According to Foreign Ownership
Leading Japanese Companies
- TABLE 30 CNT ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS FOR LEADING JAPANESE ORGANIZATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Leading Korean and Taiwanese Organizations
- TABLE 31 U.S. CNT ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS FOR LEADING KOREAN AND TAIWANESE ORGANIZATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Leading Organizations in European and Other Countries
- TABLE 32 CNT ISSUED AND PENDING PATENTS FOR LEADING ORGANIZATIONS IN EUROPE AND OTHER COUNTRIES, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
U.S. PATENTS PENDING
- FIGURE 14 GROWTH AND BACKLOG IN U.S. PATENTS FILED 2001-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
CHALLENGES IN PATENTING NANOTECHNOLOGY
PATENT BACKLOG
WHO OWNS WHAT?
QUALITY VERSUS QUANTITY
A NEW BREED OF PATENT BROKERAGE COMPANIES
PATENT TROLL
CHAPTER FIVE: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
OVERVIEW
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
NANOTUBE PRODUCERS
- TABLE 32 INFLUENTIAL PLAYERS INVOLVED IN LARGE-SCALE CNT PRODUCTION AND MARKET EXPLOITATION
- TABLE 33 INFLUENTIAL PLAYERS INVOLVED IN SMALL-SCALE CNT PRODUCTION AND/OR SPECIALIZED MARKET EXPLOITATION
MARKET SEGMENTATION
- TABLE 34 MARKET SEGMENTATION OF CNT INDUSTRY
COMPANY PROFILES: CNT PRODUCERS
Arkema
Bayer MaterialScience AG
- TABLE 35 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN COMMERCIALIZING BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE MWNTS
Canatu, Ltd.
Catalytic Materials, LLC/Catalyx Nanotech
CNano Technology, Ltd.
Fullerene International Corp.
Hanwha Nanotech Corp.
Hodogaya Chemical Co. Ltd./Mitsui & Co.
Hyperion Catalysis Int’l Inc.
MER Corp.
Nanocyl S.A.
NanoIntegris, Inc.
Nanoledge, Inc.
Nanotailor, Inc.
Nanothinx S.A.
Raymor Industries, Inc.
Selah Technologies, LLC
Shenzhen Nanotech Port Co., Ltd.
Showa Denko KK
SWeNT
Thomas Swan & Co., Ltd.
Unidym, Inc.
Xintek, Inc.
COMPANY PROFILES: CNT SPECIALTY AND ANCILLARY PRODUCTS
Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc.
Brewer Science, Inc.
Carbon Solutions, Inc.
Eikos, Inc.
First Nano, Inc.
Nanomix, Inc.
NanoComposites, Inc.
Nanocomp Technologies, Inc.
Q-Flo, Ltd.
Zyvex Corp./Zyvex Performance Materials
- TABLE 36 ZYVEX PERFORMANCE MATERIALS COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CNT POLYMER COMPOSITES, 2007-2009
COMPANY PROFILES: LARGE U.S. CORPORATIONS
- TABLE 37 LARGE U.S. CORPORATIONS LEADING IN U.S. CNT PATENT ACTIVITY* (NUMBER)
DuPont Co.
General Electric Co.
Hewlett Packard Co.
Honeywell Int’l Inc.
Intel Corp.
IBM
Motorola, Inc.
Xerox Corp.
COMPANY PROFILES: LARGE FOREIGN CORPORATIONS
CHALLENGES AND ISSUES FACING THE CNT INDUSTRY
Industry Driving Forces
- TABLE 38 EXEMPLARY COMPANIES LEADING THE CNT INDUSTRY EVOLUTION
Nanotube Consumers and the Evolving Grade Structure
- TABLE 39 DIVERSITY IN CNT CONSUMER MARKET PRODUCTS
Cost/Performance Balance
Competition
- TABLE 40 COMPETITIVE MATERIAL ALTERNATIVES TO CNTS FOR CERTAIN APPLICATIONS
Toxicity
- TABLE 41 PROGRESS IN IDENTIFYING AND RESOLVING CNT TOXICOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR, 2005-2007
- TABLE 42 PROGRESS IN IDENTIFYING AND RESOLVING CNT TOXICOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR, 2008-SEPTEMBER 2009
Environmental Safety
NANOTECHNOLOGY RISKS AND REGULATORY CONTROL
Asian Initiatives
Canadian Government
European Commission
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
U.S. Led Nanotechnology Regulatory Control Initiatives
CBEN at Rice University
City of Berkeley, CA, Nanomaterials Ordinance
EPA
Nanoethics and Social Advocacy Groups
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
CHAPTER SIX: MARKETS BY APPLICATION
COMPOSITES
- TABLE 43 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CNTS COMPARED WITH OTHER FIBERS
- TABLE 44 CNT COMPOSITES: RANGE OF POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS
- TABLE 45 CNT COMPOSITES: PROPERTIES ENDOWED
- TABLE 46 MECHANICAL PROPERTY ENHANCEMENTS IN VARIOUS CNT COMPOSITES
CEMENT MATRIX
CERAMIC MATRIX
- TABLE 47 ENHANCEMENTS CLAIMED IN VARIOUS CNT CERAMIC SYSTEMS
DIAMOND COMPOSITES
GLASS MATRIX
METAL MATRIX
- TABLE 48 SOME EXAMPLES OF CNT-METAL COMPOSITES
POLYMER MATRIX
- TABLE 49 EXAMPLES OF CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITE MATRIX SYSTEMS AMENABLE TO COMMERCIAL PROCESSING AND APPLICATION
- TABLE 50 SOME EXAMPLES OF CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITES
- TABLE 51 VARIOUS PROCESSING STRATEGIES USED TO MANUFACTURE POLYMER-CNT COMPOSITES
Electrical Conductivity Properties of Polymer-CNT Composites
Mechanical Properties of Polymer-CNT Composites
- TABLE 52 ULTIMATE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CNT FIBERS AND EXAMPLES OF THEIR ENHANCEMENT IN VARIOUS POLYMER COMPOSITE SYSTEMS
- TABLE 53 KEY PROPERTIES CONTROLLING ULTIMATE REINFORCING AND CONDUCTIVITY POTENTIAL OF SWNTS IN A POLYMER MATRIX
Thermal Conductivity Properties of Polymer-CNT Composites
Commercial Product Applications of Polymer-CNT
Composites
- TABLE 54 POLYMER COMPOSITE CNT PRODUCTS CURRENTLY MANUFACTURED OR UNDER COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
- TABLE 55 LEADING COMPANIES INVOLVED IN THE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITES
- TABLE 56 MOST ACTIVE COMPANIES ACCORDING TO CNTPOLYMER COMPOSITE U.S. PATENTS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
- TABLE 57 OTHER ACTIVE ORGANIZATIONS ACCORDING TO U.S. CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITE PATENTS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009
Automotive Applications
- TABLE 58 EXAMPLES OF READY-TO-MOLD HYPERION AUTOMOTIVE MWNT-RESIN COMPOUNDS
- TABLE 59 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE FOR HYPERION CONDUCTIVE AUTOMOTIVE MWNT-RESIN COMPOUNDS
- TABLE 60 ADVANTAGES OF MWNTS COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL CONDUCTIVE FILLERS USED IN MOLDED AUTOMOTIVE PLASTICS
- TABLE 61 CLASSIFICATION OF CONDUCTIVE MOLDED PLASTICS ACCORDING TO FILLER LOADING AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
- TABLE 62 VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF MWNTS IN ELECTROSTATICALLY DISSIPATIVE PLASTIC AUTO COMPONENTS
- TABLE 63 ADVANCES IN IMPROVING THE STRENGTH AND CONDUCTIVITY OF POLYMER-CNT COMPOSITES, 2007-2009
Aeronautical Applications
- TABLE 64 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE AEROSPACE CF COMPOSITES INDUSTRY
Electronic Applications
- TABLE 65 VARIOUS ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS OF MWNTS IN MOLDED PLASTIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
Flame Retardant Applications
Space Applications
- TABLE 66 FUTURE SPACE APPLICATIONS FOR CNTS
Sporting Goods Applications
- TABLE 67 SPORTING GOODS PROTOTYPES BASED ON MWNTPLASTIC COMPOSITES
Other Applications and Important Property Considerations
Biocatalytic Films
Biomedical Composites
Conventional Adhesives
Dry Adhesives
- TABLE 68 RECENT PATENT ACTIVITY IN CNT DRY ADHESIVE SYSTEMS*
Polymer Composite Coatings and Inks
- TABLE 69 ORGANIZATIONS EXPLORING CNT-BASED INKS AND SMART COATINGS
- TABLE 70 COMPARATIVE PROPERTY PERFORMANCE OF CONDUCTIVE TRANSPARENT COMPOSITE COATINGS
Sensor Networks for Ongoing Composite
Structural Diagnostics and Repair
Surface Chemical Functionalization and Form Factor
ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS
- TABLE 71 U.S. ORGANIZATIONS LEADING THE ELECTRONICS SECTOR WITH CNT PATENTS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
- TABLE 72 LEADING ASIAN AND EUROPEAN ORGANIZATIONS HOLDING ELECTRONICS CNT PATENTS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
Emergence of Nanoelectronics
- TABLE 73 KEY CNT PROPERTIES ATTRACTING FUTURE ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS
CNT Electronic Components Development
Synthesis and Characterization of Electronic-Grade SWNTs
Electronic Device Integration and Self-Assembly
Competition—Silicon Nanowires
Connectivity and Large-Scale Integration
Thermal Management (Solid-Based)
- TABLE 74 ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN CNT ELECTRONIC THERMAL MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
California Institute of Technology
CAT Science/University of Copenhagen (Denmark)
Fujitsu, Ltd. (Japan)
IBM (Yorktown Heights, NY)
Koila, Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA)
LG Electronics (Korea)
Molecular Nanosystems, Inc. (Palo Alto, CA)
Nanoconduction, Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA)/NASA
Ames Research Center
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Golden, CO)
Nextreme Thermal Solutions (Research
Triangle Park, NC)
OCZ Technology (Sunnyvale, CA)
Purdue University
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
University of California, Berkeley
University of Colorado
Thermal Management (Liquid-Based)
Cooligy, Inc. (Mountain View, CA)
Seoul National University, Korea
University of Leeds/Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, U.K.
Beyond the CMOSFET Paradigm
Current Industry FET Development
- TABLE 75 LEADING COMPANIES WITH CNTFET PATENT INTEREST
GE Global Research Center
IBM Optoelectronic Applications
Infineon Technologies, Germany
Development of Other CNT Nanoelectronic Components
FE DISPLAYS AND RELATED DEVICES
What is FE?
Why CNTs are Attractive Material Candidates?
- TABLE 76 ADVANTAGES OF CNTS AS A COLD FE CATHODE
FE Applications
FE Displays
Fabrication
How CNT-FEDs Compare with Other Display Technologies
- TABLE 77 ADVANTAGES OF FE DISPLAYS OVER LCDS
Major Factors Dictating CNT-FED Development
- TABLE 78 MAJOR FACTORS DICTATING EMERGENCE OF CNTBASED TECHNOLOGY IN FPD MARKETPLACE
Leading Organizations Involved in FED Development
- TABLE 79 LEADING U.S. ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN U.S. CNTFED/FED PATENT ACTIVITY, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
- TABLE 80 LEADING FOREIGN COUNTRIES INVOLVED IN U.S. CNTFED/FED PATENT ACTIVITY, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
- TABLE 81 MAJOR PLAYERS AND ANCILLIARY GROUPS/COMPANIES INVOLVED IN CNT-FED DEVELOPMENT
- TABLE 82 ORGANIZATIONS ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN CNT-FED PROTOTYPES, 2000-2009
Canon KK (Japan)
cDream Corp. (San Jose, CA)
CEA/LETI (France)
CopyTele, Inc. (Melville, NY)
Futaba Corp. (Japan)
Japan, Inc.
Motorola Laboratories (Tempe, AZ)
- TABLE 83 ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES OF MOTOROLA’S CNTBASED FED COMPARED WITH EXISTENT FPD TECHNOLOGIES
Nano-Proprietary/Applied Nanotech, Inc. (Austin, TX)
Noritake Itron Corp./Ise Electronics (Japan)
Printable Field Emitters, Ltd. (U.K.)
Samsung (Korea)
Taiwan, Inc.
OTHER FED APPLICATIONS
- TABLE 84 EXAMPLES OF OTHER FED APPLICATIONS
Light Bulbs and Light Sources
- TABLE 85 ADVANTAGES OF FE-CNT FLUORESCENT WHITE LIGHT SOURCE OVER CONVENTIONAL LAMPS
- TABLE 86 RATIONALIZING CNT SYNTHESIS WITH END-USE FE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
Applications of CNT-Based FE Light Sources
- TABLE 87 ORGANIZATIONS WITH U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY RELATING TO CNT-BASED FE LIGHT SOURCES (NUMBER)
Advance Nanotech, Inc./University of Bristol
Ahwahnee Technology (San Jose, CA)
Delta Optoelectronics, Inc. (Taiwan)
Dialight Japan Co., Ltd.
EPFL/NanoLight Int’l, Ltd. (Switzerland)
Electrovac AG (Austria)
Foxconn/Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. (Taiwan)
Hanwha Chemical Co./Iljin Nanotech (Korea)
IBM/Thomas J. Watson Research Center
KAIST
Nanoexa (Burlingame, CA)
Nano-Proprietary/Advanced Nanotech Holdings, Inc. (Austin, TX)
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Korea)
Taitung University, Taiwan
University of Surrey/Advanced Technology Institute (U.K.)
FLEXIBLE DISPLAYS AND ELECTRONICS
Advance Nanotech, Inc. (New York, NY)/Cambridge University, (U.K.)
- TABLE 88 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN THE APPLICATION OF CNTS IN FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS AND DISPLAYS
Advanced Technology Institute/University of Surrey/Surrey Nanosystems, Ltd.
Arrowhead Research (Pasadena, CA)
DuPont Electronic Technologies (Hayward, CA)
Eikos, Inc. (Franklin, MA)
NanoIntegris, Inc. (Skokie, IL)
NEC Corp. (Tokyo, Japan)
Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute
Unidym, Inc. (Menlo Park, CA)
University of Illinois/Semprius, Inc. (Durham, NC)
MEMORY APPLICATIONS
- TABLE 89 ATTRACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CNTS FOR MEMORY APPLICATIONS
- TABLE 90 LEADING PLAYERS IN CNT-MEMORY INITIATIVES BASED ON U.S. PATENTS, 1997-JULY 25, 2006 (NUMBER)
Nantero, Inc. (Woburn, MA)
ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE
BATTERIES
Lead-Acid Batteries
Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lithium Polymer Batteries
CNT Commercial Battery Developments
- TABLE 91 LEADING PLAYERS IN CNT-BASED BATTERY TECHNOLOGY ACCORDING TO U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Micro Bubble Technologies, Inc. (South Korea)/Next Alternative, Inc. (Canada)
FUEL CELLS
- TABLE 92 CNTS ENDEARING PROPERTIES USED IN FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
- TABLE 93 KEY PROPERTIES AFFECTING FUEL CELL PERFORMANCE
DMFC
Substitution of CNTs in MEA Materials
CNTs Used in Hydrogen and DMFCs
Optimizing Catalyst Loading and Retention
CNT-Based MEAs
Critical Fuel Cell Components
GDLs
Surface Wettability
Early Commercial Applications and Development of Fuel Cells
- TABLE 94 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS PATENTING U.S. CNT FUEL CELL ENHANCEMENTS, 2002-DECEMBER 30, 2006
More Recent Patent Activity and Commercial Developments
- TABLE 95 PATENT ACTIVITY IN U.S. CNT-BASED FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS AMONG U.S. ORGANIZATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
- TABLE 96 PATENT ACTIVITY IN U.S. CNT-BASED FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS AMONG FOREIGN ORGANIZATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Intematix Corp. (Fremont, CA)
Japan, Inc.
Motorola, Inc. (Tempe, AZ)
Motorola, Inc… (Continued)
MTI MicroFuel Cells, Inc. (Albany, NY)
Neah Power Systems, Inc. (Bothel, WA)
Pacific Fuel Cell Corp. (Riverside, CA)
Show Denko KK (Japan)
UltraCell Corp. (Livermore, CA)
HYDROGEN STORAGE
Carbon Nanostructures
Underlying System Properties
Commercial Development and Patent Activity
- TABLE 97 PATENT ACTIVITY IN U.S. CNT-BASED HYDROGEN STORAGE APPLICATIONS, 1997-APRIL 2006 (NUMBER)
- TABLE 98 PATENT ACTIVITY IN U.S. CNT-BASED HYDROGEN STORAGE APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Nanomix, Inc.
Motorola, Inc.
Sony Corporation
CAPACITORS
Basic Characteristics
- TABLE 99 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES
- TABLE 100 ADVANTAGES OF SUPERCAPACITOR ELECTRICAL STORAGE DEVICES COMPARED WITH BATTERIES
- TABLE 101 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF BATTERIES VERSUS CAPACITORS
EDLC
Research Activities in CNT-Based EDLCs
Georgia Institute of Technology Textile and Fiber Engineering
INRS (Quebec, Canada)
MIT Laboratory for Electromagnetic and Electronic
Systems (LEES)
NASA Johnson Space Center
National Institute of AIST (Japan)
Stanford University/UCLA
University of California, Davis
University of Cambridge/Department of Engineering (U.K.)
University of Southern California (USC)
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Dallas/NanoTech Institute
Early Patent Activity and Commercial Development in CNT-Based EDLCs
GSI Creos Corp., Asahi Glass, and TDK (Japan)
- TABLE 102 U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN U.S. CNT-BASED EDL CAPACITORS AND APPLICATIONS, 1997-DECEMBER 30, 2006 (NUMBER)
Hyperion Catalysis Int’l
Iljin Nanotech (Korea)
Recent Patent Activity and Commercial Development in CNT-Based EDLCs
- TABLE 103 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN U.S. CNTBASED EDL CAPACITOR PATENT ACTIVITY, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Arrowhead Research Corp./Agonn Systems, Inc. (Pasadena, CA)
Kemet Corp. (Greenville, SC)
Nisshinbo Holdings, Inc. (Tokyo, Japan)
Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan)
SOLAR/PV CELLS
Basic Characteristics
Academic Research
- TABLE 104 ACADEMIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN CNT-BASED SOLAR CELLS
Commercial Development
- TABLE 105 CNT PATENT ACTIVITY IN SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS, 1997-DECEMBER 30, 2006 (NUMBER)
- TABLE 106 PATENT ACTIVITY IN CNT-BASED SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Ambit Corp. (Ashland, MA)
Arrowhead Research Corp./Nanopolaris (Pasadena,
CA)
BP Solar North America (Frederick, MA)
DuPont (Wilmington, DE)
Dow Corning Corp. (Midland, MI)
Eikos, Inc. (Franklin, MA)
First Solar, LLC (Phoenix, AZ)
HelioVolt Corp. (Austin, TX)
Innovalight, Inc. (Manhasset, NY)
Konarka Technologies (Lowell, MA)
Miasolé (San Jose, CA)
Nanosolar, Inc. (Palo Alto, CA)
Plextronics, Inc. (Pittsburg, PA)
Wakonda Technologies, Inc./RIT
OTHER ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS
- TABLE 107 PATENT ACTIVITY IN U.S. CNT-BASED APPLICATIONS USED IN OTHER ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Mechanical Energy Storage
Thermionic Power
Thermal Rectifiers
MEMBRANES: FILTRATION AND SEPARATION MEDIA
- TABLE 108 ATTRACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CNTS AS SEPARATION MEMBRANES
DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS
- TABLE 109 ORGANIZATIONS WITH U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN CNT MEMBRANES, FILTRATION AND SEPARATION MEDIA, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
- TABLE 110 RESEARCH AND COMMERCIAL PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENTS OF VARIOUS CNT-BASED MEMBRANE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES
Biosource, Inc./Voltea, Ltd. (London, U.K.)
Clemson University
Cnanoz, Inc (Research Triangle Park, NC)
Covalent Industrial Technologies, LLC (Hayward, CA)
LLNL
Philip Morris USA Research Center
Procter & Gamble Co.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Seldon Laboratories, LLC
University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research
Velocys, Inc. (Plain City, OH)/Oxford Catalysts Group plc (Oxford, U.K.)
SENSORS
TYPES OF SENSORS
- TABLE 111 TYPES OF CNT SENSORS
Biosensors
- TABLE 112 TYPES OF CNT BIOSENSOR SYSTEMS
Chemical Sensors
- TABLE 113 KEY PROPERTIES OF CNTS EXPLOITED IN SENSOR APPLICATIONS
Physical Sensors and Actuators
RECENT PATENT ACTIVITY IN SENSORS
- TABLE 114 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN U.S. CNTSENSOR PATENT ACTIVITY, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
COMMERCIAL PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENTS
Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. (Austin, TX)
Gated Metal Oxide Sensor
Palladium Nanoparticle Hydrogen Sensor
Photoacoustic Sensor (PAS)
Other Recent Sensor and Detector-Related Developments
Honeywell Int’l, Inc. (Morristown, NJ)
Motorola Laboratories (Tempe, AZ)
Nanomix, Inc. (Emeryville, CA)
Nanosensors, Inc.(Santa Clara, CA)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
YTC America, Inc. (Camarillo, CA)
OTHER APPLICATIONS
BIOSENSORS
Alpha Szenszor, Inc. (Worcester, MA)
Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. (Austin, TX)
Nanomix, Inc. (Emeryville, CA)/MysticMD, Inc. (Groton, CT)
BIOMEDICAL DEVELOPMENTS
- TABLE 115 POTENTIAL USES OF CNTS IN THE BIOMEDICAL AREA
- TABLE 116 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS IN CNT BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS, PRIOR TO 2007
- TABLE 117 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS IN CNT BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS, 2007-2009
Potential Commercial CNT Biomedical Developments
Chromoz, Inc. (Research Triangle Park, NC)
Intel Corp. (Santa Clara, CA)
XinRay Systems, LLC (Research Triangle Park, NC)
CATALYST SUPPORTS
Industrial Chemical Process Synthesis
- TABLE 118 U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY LEADERS IN CNT CATALYST SUPPORTS, 2007-SEPTEMBER 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
BTU Int’l, Inc. (North Billerica, MA)
Headwaters Technology Innovation, Inc. (Lawrenceville, NJ)
Hyperion Catalysis Int’l, Inc. (Cambridge, MA)
Electrocatalysis
Photocatalytic Support Systems
- TABLE 119 APPLICATIONS OF CNTS IN PHOTOCATALYTIC SYSTEMS
ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY
Xerox Corp. (Stamford, CT)
INSTRUMENTS: ACTUATORS, MANIPULATORS AND PROBES
- TABLE 120 U.S. CNT PATENT ACTIVITY INVOLVING ACTUATORS, INSTRUMENTS AND MANIPULATORS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
Commercial Developments in SPM/AFM CNT Probes
Carbon Design Innovations (Burlingame, CA)
Carbon Nanoprobes, Inc. (White Plains, NY)
Xidex Corp. (Austin, TX)
OIL RECOVERY
- TABLE 121 U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN CNT ENHANCEMENTS IN OIL RECOVERY, 2007-SEPTEMBER 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
SECURITY
- TABLE 122 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN VARIOUS CNT-BASED SECURITY APPLICATIONS
Bioterrorism and Explosives Detection
Stanford University
MIT
Body Armor and Smart Textiles
National Research Council Canada (Ottawa, Canada)
Nanocomp Technologies, Inc. (Concord, NH)
Q-Flo, Ltd. (Cambridge, U.K.)
Nico Technologies (Ann Arbor, MI)
RFID Tags
Alien Technology Corp. (Morgan Hills, CA)
Ambient Systems, B.V. (Enschede, Netherlands)
AMBIT Corp. (Ashland, MA)
Nantero Inc. (Woburn, MA)/Hewlett-Packard Specialty Printing Systems (San Diego, CA)
X-Ray Detection
American Science and Engineering, Inc. (Billerica, MA)
XinRay Systems, LLC (Research Triangle Park, NC)
POLISHING
Applied Materials, Inc. (Santa Clara, CA)
CHAPTER SEVEN: MARKET ANALYSIS
TECHNOLOGY PUSH
CNT COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION AND ESTIMATED SALES REVENUES
MWNTs
- TABLE 123 CONFIRMED ANNUAL PRODUCTION COMMITMENT OF COMMERCIAL MWNTS: TIER 1 COMPANIES, 2009-2014 (METRIC TONS)
- TABLE 124 UNCONFIRMED ANNUAL PRODUCTION COMMITMENT OF COMMERCIAL MWNTS: TIER 2 COMPANIES, 2009-2014 (METRIC TONS)
- TABLE 125 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MWNT PRODUCTION REVENUES, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
SWNTs
- TABLE 126 UNCONFIRMED ANNUAL PRODUCTION COMMITMENT OF COMMERCIAL SWNTS: TIER 1 AND 2 COMPANIES, 2009-2014 (KG)
- TABLE 127 MARKET FORECAST FOR SWNT PRODUCTION AND REVENUES: TIER 1 COMPANIES, THROUGH 2014
Other Specialty Grades
- TABLE 128 FORECAST FOR SPECIALTY FWNTS PRODUCTION REVENUES, THROUGH 2014
Other Companies Influencing CNT Exploitation
- TABLE 129 OTHER COMPANIES AIDING CNT COMMERCIALIZATION
Carbon Solutions, Inc.
NanoIntegris, Inc.
Brewer Science, Inc.
MARKET PULL
MARKET PROSPECTS FOR CNTS IN POLYMER COMPOSITES
AERONAUTICAL APPLICATIONS
AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS
ELECTRONIC PACKAGING APPLICATIONS
FLAME-RETARDANT APPLICATIONS
INDUSTRIAL SEALS
SPORTS EQUIPMENT APPLICATIONS
OTHER COMPETITIVE FACTORS AND DEVELOPMENTS
MARKET PROSPECTS FOR CNTS IN OTHER MATRIX COMPOSITES
MARKET PROSPECTS FOR CNTS IN ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS
ELECTRONIC/NANOELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
FE DISPLAYS AND RELATED DEVICES
FE Displays
- TABLE 130 PROS AND CONS FOR CNT FE DISPLAY MARKET
MARKET CHALLENGES: COMPETITIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND MANUFACTURING COST
COMMERCIAL CHAMPIONS—WHO’S LEADING THE CHASE AND WHEN?
LIGHT BULBS AND LIGHT SOURCES
FLEXIBLE DISPLAYS AND ELECTRONICS
MEMORY APPLICATIONS
SENSORS
Alpha Szenszor, Inc. (Worcester, MA)
Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. (Austin, TX)
Nanomix, Inc. (Emeryville, CA)/Mystic MD, Inc. (Groton, CT)
MARKET PROSPECTS FOR CNTS IN ENERGY APPLICATIONS
BATTERIES
Market Prognosis
CNT Commercial Battery Developments
Micro Bubble Technologies, Inc. (South Korea)/Next Alternative, Inc. (Canada)
Other Potential Battery Developments
CAPACITORS
Market Prognosis of Commercial Development in CNTBased Supercapacitors
Recent Patent Activity and Commercial Development in CNT-Based EDLCs
Arrowhead Research Corp./Agonn Systems, Inc. (Pasadena, CA)
Kemet Corp. (Greenville, SC)
Nisshinbo Holdings, Inc. (Tokyo, Japan)
Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan)
FUEL CELLS
Recent Patent Activity and Commercial Development in CNT-Based Fuel Cells
Intematix Corp. (Fremont, CA)
Japan, Inc.
Neah Power Systems, Inc. (Bothel, WA)
Pacific Fuel Cell Corp. (Riverside, CA)
Show Denko KK (Japan)
UltraCell Corp. (Livermore, CA)
HYDROGEN STORAGE
SOLAR/PV CELLS
Ambit Corp. (Ashland, MA)
DuPont (Wilmington, DE)
Eikos, Inc. (Franklin, MA)
Konarka Technologies (Lowell, MA)
THERMIONIC POWER, RECTIFIERS AND MECHANICAL ENERGY STORAGE
MARKET PROSPECTS FOR CNTS IN OTHER APPLICATIONS
CATALYST SUPPORTS
INSTRUMENTS: ACTUATORS, MANIPULATORS AND PROBES
MEMBRANES AND SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY
SECURITY
RFID Tags
Alien Technology Corp. (Morgan Hills, CA)
Ambient Systems, B.V. (Enschede, Netherlands)
AMBIT Corp. (Ashland, MA)
Nantero Inc. (Woburn, MA)/Hewlett-Packard Specialty Printing Systems (San Diego, CA)
X-ray Detection
XinRay Systems, LLC (Research Triangle Park,
NC)
APPENDIX
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
UNITS
LIST OF TABLES
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR CNT GRADES BASED ON
COMMITED PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
TABLE 1 CHRONOLOGY OF SOME CNT LANDMARK DEVELOPMENTS,
1953-2009
TABLE 2 SOME COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF CARBON
ALLOTROPES
TABLE 3 SOME CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF CNTS
TABLE 4 COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT CNTS AND
CFS
TABLE 5 DIVERSE RANGE OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS FOR CNTS
TABLE 6 SOME EXAMPLES OF OPTIMUM FORMS OF CNTS
REQUIRED FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS
TABLE 7 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF SOME INORGANIC
NANOTUBES
TABLE 8 COMPARISON OF THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF CNT
BATCH PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 9 SYNTHETIC PROCESS FACTORS AFFECTING CNT GROWTH
TABLE 10 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
CNT PROCESSES
TABLE 11 COMPARISON OF SEVERAL SWNT CONTINUOUS
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 12 COMMON CNT CHEMICAL PURIFICATION PROCESSES,
OUTCOMES AND DISADVANTAGES
TABLE 13 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN SEPARATION,
PURIFICATION, CAPPING AND UNCAPPING OF CNTS BASED ON
U.S. PATENTS
TABLE 14 LEADING U.S. RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS
SPEARHEADING CNT SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS
DEVELOPMENT
TABLE 15 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CHEMICAL
FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CNTS AND POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS
TABLE 16 EXEMPLARY U.S. PATENTS RELATING TO CNT CHEMICAL
FUNCTIONALIZATION
TABLE 17 ORGANIZATIONS OFFERING SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZED
CNT DISPERSIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
TABLE 18 NOTABLE DEVELOPMENTS IN SORTING ELECTRONIC
GRADE CNTS
TABLE 19 EXEMPLARY U.S. PATENTS RELATING TO SELFASSEMBLY
AND ORGANIZATION OF CNTS
TABLE 20 SCALABLE DEVICE INTEGRATION OF CNTS
TABLE 21 EXEMPLARY U.S. PATENTS RELATING TO THE USE OF
CNTS AS NANOTEMPLATES
TABLE 22 RECENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS IN OTHER CNT
VARIANTS
TABLE 23 INDUSTRIAL SECTORS AND EXEMPLARY APPLICATIONS
EMERGING FROM ISSUED U.S. CNT PATENTS, 1994-2009
TABLE 24 LEADING SMALL U.S. BUSINESSES WITH CNT ISSUED
AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009
(NUMBER)
TABLE 25 OTHER SMALL U.S. BUSINESSES WITH MULTIPLE CNT
ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30,
2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 26 LEADING LARGE U.S. BUSINESSES WITH CNT ISSUED
AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009
(NUMBER)
TABLE 27 OTHER LARGE U.S. BUSINESSES WITH MULTIPLE CNT
ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30,
2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 28 CNT ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS
AMONG LEADING U.S. ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS, 2007-JUNE 30,
2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 29 U.S. GOVERNMENT AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS WITH CNT
ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30,
2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 30 CNT ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS FOR
LEADING JAPANESE ORGANIZATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009
(NUMBER)
TABLE 31 U.S. CNT ISSUED AND PENDING PATENT APPLICATIONS
FOR LEADING KOREAN AND TAIWANESE ORGANIZATIONS, 2007-
JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 32 CNT ISSUED AND PENDING PATENTS FOR LEADING
ORGANIZATIONS IN EUROPE AND OTHER COUNTRIES, 2007-JUNE
30, 2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 32 INFLUENTIAL PLAYERS INVOLVED IN LARGE-SCALE CNT
PRODUCTION AND MARKET EXPLOITATION
TABLE 33 INFLUENTIAL PLAYERS INVOLVED IN SMALL-SCALE CNT
PRODUCTION AND/OR SPECIALIZED MARKET EXPLOITATION
TABLE 34 MARKET SEGMENTATION OF CNT INDUSTRY
TABLE 35 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN COMMERCIALIZING BAYER
MATERIALSCIENCE MWNTS
TABLE 36 ZYVEX PERFORMANCE MATERIALS COMMERCIAL
DEVELOPMENTS IN CNT POLYMER COMPOSITES, 2007-2009
TABLE 37 LARGE U.S. CORPORATIONS LEADING IN U.S. CNT PATENT
ACTIVITY* (NUMBER)
TABLE 38 EXEMPLARY COMPANIES LEADING THE CNT INDUSTRY
EVOLUTION
TABLE 39 DIVERSITY IN CNT CONSUMER MARKET PRODUCTS
TABLE 40 COMPETITIVE MATERIAL ALTERNATIVES TO CNTS FOR
CERTAIN APPLICATIONS
TABLE 41 PROGRESS IN IDENTIFYING AND RESOLVING CNT
TOXICOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR, 2005-2007
TABLE 42 PROGRESS IN IDENTIFYING AND RESOLVING CNT
TOXICOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR, 2008-SEPTEMBER 2009
TABLE 43 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CNTS COMPARED WITH
OTHER FIBERS
TABLE 44 CNT COMPOSITES: RANGE OF POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS
TABLE 45 CNT COMPOSITES: PROPERTIES ENDOWED
TABLE 46 MECHANICAL PROPERTY ENHANCEMENTS IN VARIOUS
CNT COMPOSITES
TABLE 47 ENHANCEMENTS CLAIMED IN VARIOUS CNT CERAMIC
SYSTEMS
TABLE 48 SOME EXAMPLES OF CNT-METAL COMPOSITES
TABLE 49 EXAMPLES OF CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITE MATRIX
SYSTEMS AMENABLE TO COMMERCIAL PROCESSING AND
APPLICATION
TABLE 50 SOME EXAMPLES OF CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITES
TABLE 51 VARIOUS PROCESSING STRATEGIES USED TO
MANUFACTURE POLYMER-CNT COMPOSITES
TABLE 52 ULTIMATE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CNT FIBERS
AND EXAMPLES OF THEIR ENHANCEMENT IN VARIOUS
POLYMER COMPOSITE SYSTEMS
TABLE 53 KEY PROPERTIES CONTROLLING ULTIMATE
REINFORCING AND CONDUCTIVITY POTENTIAL OF SWNTS IN A
POLYMER MATRIX
TABLE 54 POLYMER COMPOSITE CNT PRODUCTS CURRENTLY
MANUFACTURED OR UNDER COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
TABLE 55 LEADING COMPANIES INVOLVED IN THE COMMERCIAL
DEVELOPMENT OF CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITES
TABLE 56 MOST ACTIVE COMPANIES ACCORDING TO CNT-POLYMER
COMPOSITE U.S. PATENTS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 57 OTHER ACTIVE ORGANIZATIONS ACCORDING TO U.S.
CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITE PATENTS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009
TABLE 58 EXAMPLES OF READY-TO-MOLD HYPERION AUTOMOTIVE
MWNT-RESIN COMPOUNDS
TABLE 59 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE FOR HYPERION
CONDUCTIVE AUTOMOTIVE MWNT-RESIN COMPOUNDS
TABLE 60 ADVANTAGES OF MWNTS COMPARED WITH
CONVENTIONAL CONDUCTIVE FILLERS USED IN MOLDED
AUTOMOTIVE PLASTICS
TABLE 61 CLASSIFICATION OF CONDUCTIVE MOLDED PLASTICS
ACCORDING TO FILLER LOADING AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
TABLE 62 VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF MWNTS IN
ELECTROSTATICALLY DISSIPATIVE PLASTIC AUTO COMPONENTS
TABLE 63 ADVANCES IN IMPROVING THE STRENGTH AND
CONDUCTIVITY OF POLYMER-CNT COMPOSITES, 2007-2009
TABLE 64 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE AEROSPACE CF
COMPOSITES INDUSTRY
TABLE 65 VARIOUS ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS OF MWNTS IN
MOLDED PLASTIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
TABLE 66 FUTURE SPACE APPLICATIONS FOR CNTS
TABLE 67 SPORTING GOODS PROTOTYPES BASED ON MWNTPLASTIC
COMPOSITES
TABLE 68 RECENT PATENT ACTIVITY IN CNT DRY ADHESIVE
SYSTEMS*
TABLE 69 ORGANIZATIONS EXPLORING CNT-BASED INKS AND
SMART COATINGS
TABLE 70 COMPARATIVE PROPERTY PERFORMANCE OF
CONDUCTIVE TRANSPARENT COMPOSITE COATINGS
TABLE 71 U.S. ORGANIZATIONS LEADING THE ELECTRONICS
SECTOR WITH CNT PATENTS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 72 LEADING ASIAN AND EUROPEAN ORGANIZATIONS
HOLDING ELECTRONICS CNT PATENTS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009
(NUMBER)
TABLE 73 KEY CNT PROPERTIES ATTRACTING FUTURE
ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS
TABLE 74 ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN CNT ELECTRONIC
THERMAL MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
TABLE 75 LEADING COMPANIES WITH CNTFET PATENT INTEREST
TABLE 76 ADVANTAGES OF CNTS AS A COLD FE CATHODE
TABLE 77 ADVANTAGES OF FE DISPLAYS OVER LCDS
TABLE 78 MAJOR FACTORS DICTATING EMERGENCE OF CNT-BASED
TECHNOLOGY IN FPD MARKETPLACE
TABLE 79 LEADING U.S. ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN U.S. CNTFED/
FED PATENT ACTIVITY, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 80 LEADING FOREIGN COUNTRIES INVOLVED IN U.S. CNTFED/
FED PATENT ACTIVITY, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 81 MAJOR PLAYERS AND ANCILLIARY GROUPS/COMPANIES
INVOLVED IN CNT-FED DEVELOPMENT
TABLE 82 ORGANIZATIONS ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN CNT-FED
PROTOTYPES, 2000-2009
TABLE 83 ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES OF MOTOROLA’S CNTBASED
FED COMPARED WITH EXISTENT FPD TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 84 EXAMPLES OF OTHER FED APPLICATIONS
TABLE 85 ADVANTAGES OF FE-CNT FLUORESCENT WHITE LIGHT
SOURCE OVER CONVENTIONAL LAMPS
TABLE 86 RATIONALIZING CNT SYNTHESIS WITH END-USE FE
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
TABLE 87 ORGANIZATIONS WITH U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY RELATING
TO CNT-BASED FE LIGHT SOURCES (NUMBER)
TABLE 88 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN THE
APPLICATION OF CNTS IN FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS AND
DISPLAYS
TABLE 89 ATTRACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CNTS FOR MEMORY
APPLICATIONS
TABLE 90 LEADING PLAYERS IN CNT-MEMORY INITIATIVES BASED
ON U.S. PATENTS, 1997-JULY 25, 2006 (NUMBER)
TABLE 91 LEADING PLAYERS IN CNT-BASED BATTERY
TECHNOLOGY ACCORDING TO U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY, 2007-JUNE
30, 2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 92 CNTS ENDEARING PROPERTIES USED IN FUEL CELL
APPLICATIONS
TABLE 93 KEY PROPERTIES AFFECTING FUEL CELL PERFORMANCE
TABLE 94 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS PATENTING U.S. CNT FUEL
CELL ENHANCEMENTS, 2002-DECEMBER 30, 2006
TABLE 95 PATENT ACTIVITY IN U.S. CNT-BASED FUEL CELL
APPLICATIONS AMONG U.S. ORGANIZATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009
(NUMBER)
TABLE 96 PATENT ACTIVITY IN U.S. CNT-BASED FUEL CELL
APPLICATIONS AMONG FOREIGN ORGANIZATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30,
2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 97 PATENT ACTIVITY IN U.S. CNT-BASED HYDROGEN
STORAGE APPLICATIONS, 1997-APRIL 2006 (NUMBER)
TABLE 98 PATENT ACTIVITY IN U.S. CNT-BASED HYDROGEN
STORAGE APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 99 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF ENERGY STORAGE
DEVICES
TABLE 100 ADVANTAGES OF SUPERCAPACITOR ELECTRICAL
STORAGE DEVICES COMPARED WITH BATTERIES
TABLE 101 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF BATTERIES VERSUS
CAPACITORS
TABLE 102 U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN U.S. CNT-BASED EDL
CAPACITORS AND APPLICATIONS, 1997-DECEMBER 30, 2006
(NUMBER)
TABLE 103 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN U.S. CNTBASED
EDL CAPACITOR PATENT ACTIVITY, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009
(NUMBER)
TABLE 104 ACADEMIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN CNT-BASED SOLAR
CELLS
TABLE 105 CNT PATENT ACTIVITY IN SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS,
1997-DECEMBER 30, 2006 (NUMBER)
TABLE 106 PATENT ACTIVITY IN CNT-BASED SOLAR CELL
APPLICATIONS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 107 PATENT ACTIVITY IN U.S. CNT-BASED APPLICATIONS
USED IN OTHER ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS, 2007-JUNE 30,
2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 108 ATTRACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CNTS AS SEPARATION
MEMBRANES
TABLE 109 ORGANIZATIONS WITH U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN CNT
MEMBRANES, FILTRATION AND SEPARATION MEDIA, 2007-JUNE
30, 2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 110 RESEARCH AND COMMERCIAL PROTOTYPE
DEVELOPMENTS OF VARIOUS CNT-BASED MEMBRANE
SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 111 TYPES OF CNT SENSORS
TABLE 112 TYPES OF CNT BIOSENSOR SYSTEMS
TABLE 113 KEY PROPERTIES OF CNTS EXPLOITED IN SENSOR
APPLICATIONS
TABLE 114 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN U.S. CNTSENSOR
PATENT ACTIVITY, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 115 POTENTIAL USES OF CNTS IN THE
BIOMEDICAL AREA
TABLE 116 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS IN CNT BIOMEDICAL
APPLICATIONS, PRIOR TO 2007
TABLE 117 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS IN CNT BIOMEDICAL
APPLICATIONS, 2007-2009
TABLE 118 U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY LEADERS IN CNT CATALYST
SUPPORTS, 2007-SEPTEMBER 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 119 APPLICATIONS OF CNTS IN PHOTOCATALYTIC SYSTEMS
TABLE 120 U.S. CNT PATENT ACTIVITY INVOLVING ACTUATORS,
INSTRUMENTS AND MANIPULATORS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009
(NUMBER)
TABLE 121 U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN CNT ENHANCEMENTS IN OIL
RECOVERY, 2007-SEPTEMBER 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
TABLE 122 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN VARIOUS CNTBASED
SECURITY APPLICATIONS
TABLE 123 CONFIRMED ANNUAL PRODUCTION COMMITMENT OF
COMMERCIAL MWNTS: TIER 1 COMPANIES, 2009-2014 (METRIC
TONS)
TABLE 124 UNCONFIRMED ANNUAL PRODUCTION COMMITMENT
OF COMMERCIAL MWNTS: TIER 2 COMPANIES, 2009-2014 (METRIC
TONS)
TABLE 125 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MWNT PRODUCTION
REVENUES, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
TABLE 126 UNCONFIRMED ANNUAL PRODUCTION COMMITMENT
OF COMMERCIAL SWNTS: TIER 1 AND 2 COMPANIES, 2009-2014
(KG)
TABLE 127 MARKET FORECAST FOR SWNT PRODUCTION AND
REVENUES: TIER 1 COMPANIES, THROUGH 2014
TABLE 128 FORECAST FOR SPECIALTY FWNTS PRODUCTION
REVENUES, THROUGH 2014
TABLE 129 OTHER COMPANIES AIDING CNT COMMERCIALIZATION
TABLE 130 PROS AND CONS FOR CNT FE DISPLAY MARKET
NAN024D — Carbon Nanotubes: Technologies and Global Markets
LIST OF FIGURES
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR CNT GRADES BASED ON
COMMITTED PRODUCTION, 2009-2014 ($ MILLIONS)
FIGURE 1 FORMATION OF A SWNT STRUCTURE
FIGURE 2 CNT STRUCTURES
FIGURE 3 CNT PATENTS ISSUED, 1994-2009 (CUMULATIVE TOTAL:
4,434)
FIGURE 4 BREAKDOWN OF THE MAIN INDUSTRY/APPLICATION
SECTORS DERIVED FROM U.S. CNT ISSUED PATENTS, 1994-2004
(%)
FIGURE 5 BREAKDOWN OF THE MAIN INDUSTRY/APPLICATION
SECTORS FROM U.S. CNT ISSUED PATENTS, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (%)
FIGURE 6 NUMBER OF U.S. AND FOREIGN CNT PATENTS ISSUED,
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRIAL/APPLICATIONS
SECTORS, 1994-2002 (NUMBER)
FIGURE 7 NUMBER OF U.S. AND FOREIGN CNT PATENTS ISSUED,
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRY/APPLICATION SECTOR,
2003 AND 2004 (NUMBER)
FIGURE 8 NUMBER OF U.S. AND FOREIGN CNT PATENTS ISSUED,
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRIAL/APPLICATION SECTOR,
2007 TO JUN 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
FIGURE 9 U.S. VERSUS ASIAN CNT PATENTS ISSUED, 1994-2004
(NUMBER)
FIGURE 10 EUROPEAN AND OTHER COUNTRIES WITH U.S. CNT
ISSUED PATENTS, 1994-2004 (NUMBER)
FIGURE 11 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED: ASIA, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009
(NUMBER)
FIGURE 12 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED: EUROPEAN AND OTHER
COUNTRIES, 2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
FIGURE 13 LEADING U.S. STATES WITH U.S. CNT ISSUED PATENTS,
2007-JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)
FIGURE 14 GROWTH AND BACKLOG IN U.S. PATENTS FILED 2001-
JUNE 30, 2009 (NUMBER)