1 Table of contents 3
1.1 List of Tables 5
1.2 List of Figures 6
2 Introduction to Renewable Energy 7
2.1 Increasing Demand for Energy 7
2.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions 7
2.3 Kyoto Protocol 8
3 Global Renewable Energy Market 9
3.1 Introduction 9
3.2 Global Renewable Energy Installed Capacity Forecasts, MW, 2000 to 2020 9
3.3 Global Renewable Energy Generation Forecasts, GWh, 2000 – 2020 11
4 Global Marine Energy Market, Technology Analysis 13
4.1 Introduction 13
4.1.1 Tides and Tidal Barrage: 13
4.1.2 Waves: 13
4.1.3 Marine Current: 13
4.1.4 Salinity Gradient: 14
4.1.5 Thermal Gradient: 14
4.2 Definitions 14
4.3 Wave Technology 14
4.4 Tidal Technologies 17
4.5 Technology Trends 18
4.5.1 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: 18
4.5.2 Salinity Gradient: 18
4.6 Key Drivers 18
4.7 Key Challenges 19
5 Global Marine Energy Market, Market Analysis 21
5.1 Introduction 21
5.2 Global Marine Energy Installed Capacity Forecasts, MW, 2000 – 2020 21
5.3 Global Marine Energy Generation Forecasts, GWh, 2000 – 2020 24
5.4 Global Wave Energy Installed Capacity Forecast, MW, 2000 – 2020 26
5.5 Global Tidal Energy Installed Capacity Forecast, MW, 2000 – 2020 28
5.6 Global Wave Energy Generation Forecasts, GWh, 2000 – 2020 30
5.7 Global Tidal Energy Generation Forecasts, GWh, 2000 – 2020 32
5.8 Global Marine Energy Installed Capacity Technology and Geographic Split, 2009 34
5.9 Global Wave Energy Installed Capacity Geographic Split, 2009 36
5.10 Global Tidal Energy Installed Capacity Geographic Split, 2009 37
5.11 Supply Chain 38
6 Key Country Analysis 40
6.1 United States: 40
6.1.1 Market Overview: 40
6.1.2 US Wave Energy Installed Capacity Forecasts, MW, 2000 - 2020 42
6.1.3 US Tidal Energy Installed Capacity Forecasts, MW, 2000 - 2020 44
6.1.4 US Wave Energy Generation Forecasts, GWh, 2000 - 2020 46
6.1.5 US Tidal Energy Generation Forecasts, GWh, 2000 - 2020 48
6.1.6 Cost Analysis 50
6.1.7 Major Regulations and Policies 51
6.1.8 Key States 51
6.2 United Kingdom 52
6.2.1 Market Overview: 52
6.2.2 UK Wave Energy Installed Capacity Forecasts, MW, 2000 - 2020 53
6.2.3 UK Tidal Energy Installed Capacity Forecasts, MW, 2000 – 2020 55
6.2.4 UK Wave Energy Generation Forecasts, GWh, 2000 – 2020 57
6.2.5 UK Tidal Energy Generation Forecasts, GWh, 2000 – 2020 59
6.2.6 UK Marine Energy Manufacturer’s Share Analysis by Installed Capacity, 2009: 61
6.2.7 Cost Analysis: 62
6.2.8 Major Regulations and Initiatives: 67
7 Emerging Countries: 68
7.1 Australia: 68
7.1.1 Introduction: 68
7.1.2 Potential: 68
7.1.3 Initiatives and Regulations: 68
7.1.4 Plants: 69
7.1.5 Competitive Landscape: 69
7.1.6 Current Issues: 69
7.2 Republic of Korea (South Korea) 70
7.2.1 Introduction: 70
7.2.2 Potential: 70
7.2.3 Initiatives and Regulations: 70
7.2.4 Plants: 70
7.2.5 Competitive Landscape: 71
7.3 Initiatives at other countries: 71
7.3.1 Portugal: 71
7.3.2 Canada: 71
7.3.3 Spain: 72
7.3.4 Denmark: 72
7.3.5 Japan: 72
7.3.6 Belgium: 73
7.3.7 Germany: 73
7.3.8 South Africa 73
8 Applications: 74
8.1 Present Applications: 74
8.1.1 Desalination: 74
8.2 Future Applications: 74
8.2.1 Air conditioning: 74
8.2.2 Chilled-soil agriculture: 74
8.2.3 Aquaculture: 74
8.2.4 Mineral Extraction: 74
8.2.5 Others: 74
9 Competitive Landscape: 75
9.1 Ocean Power Technologies: 76
9.2 Pelamis Wave Power: 76
9.3 Marine Current Turbines: 76
9.4 Oceanlinx Limited: 76
10 Appendix 77
10.1 About Alternative Energy eTrack 77
10.2 Abbreviations 77
10.3 Methodology 78
10.3.1 Coverage 79
10.3.2 Secondary Research 80
10.3.3 Primary Research 80
10.3.4 Expert Panel Validation 80
10.4 Contact Us 80
10.4.1 Disclaimer 81
1.1 List of Tables
Table 1: Global Carbon Emissions (Million Metric Tonnes), 2001 – 2035 8
Table 2: Global Renewable Energy Industry, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 – 2020 10
Table 3: : Global Renewable Energy Industry, Generation (GWh), 2000 – 2020 12
Table 4: Comparison of Ocean Energy with Solar, Wind, Biomass, Natural Gas and Coal Energy Sources 13
Table 5: Important Wave Energy Companies and their Technologies 16
Table 6: Important Tidal Energy Companies and their Technologies 17
Table 7: Global Marine Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 - 2020 23
Table 8: Global Marine Energy, Generation (GWH), 2000 - 2020 25
Table 9: Global Wave Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 - 2020 27
Table 10: Global Tidal Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 - 2020 29
Table 11: Global Wave Energy, Generation (GWh), 2000 - 2020 31
Table 12: Global Tidal Energy, Generation (GWh), 2000 - 2020 33
Table 13: Global Marine Energy, Installed Capacity Technology Split (%), 2009 34
Table 14: Global Marine Energy, Installed Capacity Geographic Split (%), 2009 35
Table 15: Global Wave Energy, Installed Capacity Geographic Split (%), 2009 36
Table 16: Global Tidal Energy, Installed Capacity Geographic Split (%), 2009 37
Table 17: US Wave Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 - 2020 43
Table 18: US Tidal Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 - 2020 45
Table 19: US Wave Energy, Generation (GWh), 2000 – 2020 47
Table 20: US Tidal Energy, Generation (GWh), 2000 – 2020 49
Table 21: UK Wave Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 – 2020 54
Table 22: UK Tidal Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 – 2020 56
Table 23: UK Wave Energy, Generation (GWh), 2000 – 2020 58
Table 24: UK Tidal Energy, Generation (GWh), 2000 – 2020 60
Table 25: UK Wave Energy, Manufacturer’s Share by Installed Capacity (%), 2009 61
Table 26: UK Tidal Energy, Manufacturer’s Share by Installed Capacity (%), 2009 62
Table 27: Wave Farm Capital Cost Split (%) 65
Table 28: Tidal Stream Farm Capital Cost Split (%) 66
Table 29: Company Benchmarking 75
Table 30: Abbreviations 77
1.2 List of Figures
Figure 1: Global Carbon Emissions (Million Metric Tons), 2001-2035 7
Figure 2: Global Renewable Energy Industry, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 - 2020 9
Figure 3: Global Renewable Energy Industry, Generation (GWh), 2000 - 2020 11
Figure 4: Global Wave Energy Potential Sites and Wave Energy Levels (kW/m) 14
Figure 5: Global Marine Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 - 2020 22
Figure 6: Global Marine Energy, Generation (GWh), 2000 - 2020 24
Figure 7: Global Wave Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 - 2020 26
Figure 8: Global Tidal Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 - 2020 28
Figure 9: Global Wave Energy, Generation (GWh), 2000 - 2020 30
Figure 10: Global Tidal Energy, Generation (GWh), 2000 - 2020 32
Figure 11: Global Marine Energy, Installed Capacity Technology Split (%), 2009 34
Figure 12: Global Marine Energy, Installed Capacity Geographic Split (%), 2009 35
Figure 13: Global Wave Energy, Installed Capacity Geographic Split (%), 2009 36
Figure 14: Global Tidal Energy, Installed Capacity Geographic Split (%), 2009 37
Figure 15: Global Marine Energy, Supply Chain Requirements 38
Figure 16: US and Canada Wave Energy Potential (TWh/yr) 40
Figure 17: US and Canada Tidal Energy Potential (TWh/yr) 41
Figure 18: US Wave Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 - 2020 42
Figure 19: US Tidal Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 - 2020 44
Figure 20: US Wave Energy, Generation (GWh), 2000 - 2020 46
Figure 21: US Tidal Energy, Generation (GWh), 2000 - 2020 48
Figure 22: US Wave Energy Generation Costs (Cents/kWh) 50
Figure 23: US Tidal Energy Generation Costs (Cents/kWh) 50
Figure 24: UK Wave Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 - 2020 53
Figure 25: UK Tidal Energy, Cumulative Installed Capacity (MW), 2000 - 2020 55
Figure 26: UK Wave Energy, Generation (GWh), 2000 – 2020 57
Figure 27: UK Tidal Energy, Generation (GWh), 2000 - 2020 59
Figure 28: UK Wave Energy, Manufacturer’s Share by Installed Capacity (%), 2009 61
Figure 29: UK Tidal Energy, Manufacturer’s Share by Installed Capacity (%), 2009 62
Figure 30: UK Wave Energy Converters Installation Costs Range from Prototype Stage to Initial Installments ($/kW) 63
Figure 31: UK Tidal Stream Energy Generators Installation Costs Range from Prototype Stage to Initial Installments ($/kW) 63
Figure 32: UK Wave and Tidal Technologies Generation Costs ($/kWh) 64
Figure 33: Wave Farm Capital Cost Split (%) 65
Figure 34: Tidal Stream Farm Capital Cost Split (%) 66
Figure 35: GlobalData Methodology 79