TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 U.S.TOILET MARKET SALES. 1
Executive Summary 1
U.S. Toilet Market Trends. 2
Toilet Sales Mix 2
Source Of Supply . 3
End-Use Markets And Factors Driving Demand. 4
Competitive Environment And Plant Profit Margins 5
Outlook . 6
Table 1-1 U.S. Vitreous China Water Closet Bowl, Flush Tank, And Urinal And Bidet Supply And Share Of Total Plumbing Fixture Supply,1992-2014 (dollars and percent) . 7
Table 1-2 Value Of U.S. Vitreous China Water Closet Bowl, Flush Tank,And Urinal And Bidet Supply, 1992-2014 (dollars): Shipments And Imports 8
Table 1-3 Quantity U.S. Vitreous China Water Closet Bowl, Flush Tank, And Urinal And Bidet Supply, 1992-2014 (number): Shipments And Imports 9
Table 1-4 U.S. Supply Of One-Piece And Two-Piece Toilets, 1992-2014 (number). 10
Table 1-5 Average Value Per U.S. Toilet Supplied, 1992-2014 (dollars) 11
Table 1-6 U.S. Monthly Producer Price Index For Vitreous Plumbing Fixtures, 2007-2009 (index) 12 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY 13
SECTION 2 U.S.TOILET SHIPMENTS AND IMPORTS 15
Summary Of Major Findings 15
U.S. Shipments Trends 15
U.S. Import Trends And Source Of Supply 16
Product Line Trends 17
High-Efficiency Toilets 18
Table 2-1 Value Of U.S. Vitreous China Water Closet Bowl, Flush Tank,Urinal, And Bidet Shipments, 1987-2014 (dollars). 19
Table 2-2 Quantity U.S. Vitreous China Water Closet Bowl, Flush Tank,Urinal, And Bidet Shipments, 1987-2014 (units) 20
Table 2-3 Average U.S. Value Per Unit Shipped Of Vitreous China Water Closet Bowls, Flush Tanks, Urinals, And Bidets, 1987-2014 (dollars) 21
Table 2-4 Value Of U.S. Flushmeter Valve And Flush Valve Shipments,1992-2009 (dollars) 22
Table 2-5 Total U.S. Vitreous China Water Closet Bowl, Flush Tank, And Urinal And Bidet Imports, 1998-2014 (dollars and units) 23
Table 2-6 Product, Freight And Insurance Costs, And Tariff Charges For Vitreous China Toilet And Related Product Imports And For The Top Five Countries Of Origin, 1997-2009 (dollars) 24
Table 2-7 Value Of U.S. Vitreous China Water Closet Bowl, Flush Tank,And Urinal And Bidet Imports For The Top Twelve Countries Of Origin, 2003-2009 (dollars) 25
Table 2-8 Quantity U.S. Vitreous China Water Closet Bowl, Flush Tank,And Urinal And Bidet Imports And Average Value For The Top Twelve Countries Of Origin, 2003-2009 (units and dollars) . 26
Table 2-9 U.S. Vitreous China Water Closet Bowl, Flush Tank, And Urinal And Bidet Imports By Product Type, 2004-2009 (number and dollars): Flushmeter, One-Piece, And Other Water ClosetBowls; Flush Tanks; And Urinals And Bidets. 27
Table 2-10 High-Efficiency Toilets 28
Types Of High-Efficiency Toilets . 29
Gravity Fed Single Flush Toilets. 29
Dual-Flush Toilets 29
Pressure Assist Toilets 29
Power Assist Toilets 30
SECTION 3 U.S.TOILET SEAT MARKET SALES 31
Summary Of Major Findings 31
Toilet Seat Market Trends . 31
Source Of Supply: U.S. Shipments And Imports 32
Competitive Situation 33
Outlook . 34
Table 3-1 Value Of U.S. Toilet Seat Sales, 1992-2014 (dollars):Shipments, Exports, Imports, And Sales 35
Table 3-2 Quantity U.S. Toilet Seat Sales, 1992-2014 (number):Shipments, Exports, Imports, And Sales 36
Table 3-3 Average Value Per U.S. Toilet Seat Sold, 1992-2014 (dollars) . 37
Table 3-4 U.S. Producer Price Trends Of Plastic Resin And Wood Inputs,1997-2009 (index) . 38
Table 3-5 U.S. Toilet Seat Imports, 1992-2009 (number and dollars) .39
Table 3-6 U.S. Toilet Seat Imports For The Top Six Countries Of Origin,2003-2009 (dollars and units) 40
SECTION 4 U.S.TOILET AND TOILET SEAT MARKETS AND DISTRIBUTION 41
Summary Of Major Findings 41
U.S. Toilet And Toilet Seat Sales 41
Residential Replacement And Remodeling Market 43
New Residential Construction Market 44
Nonresidential Market. 44
Retail Distribution Channels 45
Export Shipments 45
Table 4-1 Number Of Toilets Installed In The United States By End-Use Market, 1992-2014 (number): New Housing Units, Residential Replacement And Remodeling, And Nonresidential Buildings 47
Table 4-2 Number Of Toilets Installed In New U.S. Housing Units By Type Of Structure, 1992-2009 (number): Single-Family Homes, Multi-Family Units, And Mobile Homes 48
Table 4-3 Quantity U.S. New And Replacement Toilet Seat Sales, 1992-2014 (number) 49
Table 4-4 Estimated U.S. Quantity Toilet Seat Sales By Market, 2007-2009 (number) 50
Table 4-5 Toilets Installed In New U.S. Housing Units And By Type Of Unit And Region, 1992-2009 (number): Single-Family Homes, Multi-Family Buildings, And Mobile Homes . 51
Table 4-6 New U.S. Privately Owned Single-Family Homes By Number Of Bathrooms And By Region, 1992-2009 (number and percent): 1 1/2 Bathrooms Or Less, 2 Bathrooms, 2 1/2 Bathrooms, And 3 Bathrooms Or More 53
Table 4-7 New U.S. Housing Units In Multi-Family Buildings By Number Of Bathrooms And By Region, 1992-2009 (number and percent): 1 Bathroom, 1 1/2 Bathrooms, And 2 Bathrooms Or More 55
Table 4-8 U.S. Retail Plumbing Fixtures And Supplies Sales By Type Of Outlet And Number Of Stores Carrying Line, 2002-2009 (dollars and number): Kitchen-Bath Showrooms And Plumbing Supply Stores, Home Centers, Hardware Stores, And Other Building Material Dealers 57
Table 4-9 Lowe’s Sales Of Fashion Plumbing Products, 1998-2009(dollars) 58
Table 4-10 Total U.S. Vitreous China Water Closet Bowl, Flush Tank,Urinal, And Bidet Exports, 1998-2009 (dollars and units) . 59
Table 4-11 U.S. Vitreous China Water Closet Bowl And Flush Tank, And Urinal And Bidet Exports By Product Type, 2004-2009 (number and dollars): Flushmeter And One-Piece Water Closet Bowls,Other Water Closet Bowls And Flush Tanks, And Urinals And Bidets . 60
Table 4-12 U.S. Vitreous China Water Closet Bowl, Flush Tank, And Urinal And Bidet Exports For The Top Eight Countries Of Destination,2003-2009 (dollars and units) 61
Table 4-13 U.S. Toilet Seat Exports, 1992-2009 (number and dollars) . 62
Table 4-14 U.S. Toilet Seat Exports For The Top Four Countries Of Destination, 2003-2009 (dollars and units) 63
SECTION 5 FACTORS AFFECTING U.S. TOILET AND TOILET SEAT DEMAND 64
Summary Of Major Findings 64
New Residential Market 64
Residential Remodeling Market 66
Household Demographics . 66
Nonresidential Markets 67
Table 5-1 U.S. Spending On Building Construction, 1987-2009 (dollars):Total Buildings, Residential Buildings, And Nonresidential Buildings. 68
Table 5-2 U.S. Spending On Construction Put In Place By Market And Building Type, 2005-2009 (dollars): Residential, Lodging, Office,Commercial, Healthcare, Educational, Religious, Public Safety,Amusement And Recreation, Manufacturing, And Public Buildings. 69
Table 5-3 Percent Of U.S. Households Purchasing A New Or Existing Housing Unit, 1992-2009 (number, percent, and dollars): Total Households, Total Housing Demand, Percent Households Purchasing, Interest Rates, And Average Value Per Existing Home Sold 71
Table 5-4 Total U.S. Housing Demand By Sector By Region, 2004-2009 (number): Existing Home Sales, New Housing Completions, And Mobile Home Placements. 72
Table 5-5 New U.S. Privately Owned Housing Units Started And By Type Of Structure, 1980-2009 (number): Total Starts; In Structures With 1 Unit, 2 To 4 Units, And 5 Units Or More . 73
Table 5-6 Monthly New Private U.S. Housing Units Authorized By 20,000 Building Permit Places By Region, 2008 And 2009 (number) 74
Table 5-7 New Privately Owned Housing Units Authorized By 20,000 Building Permit Places By Region And State, 2007-2009 (number). 75
Table 5-8 Number Of Existing Single-Family Homes, Condos, And Co-Opsm Sold By Region And State, 2002-2009 (number) 77
Table 5-9 U.S. Mobile Home Shipments For The Top Twenty Producing States, 2002-2009 (number of units) 79
Table 5-10 Value Of Private Nonresidential Building Construction Spending By Region, By Building Type, 2002-2008 (dollars): Lodging,Office, Commercial, Healthcare, Education, Religion,Amusement And Recreation, Manufacturing, And Total;Northeast, Midwest, South, And West 80
Table 5-11 New U.S. Single-Family Houses Sold By Sales Price, 1985-2009 (number): Under $150,000, $150,000 To $199,999,$200,000 To $299,999, $300,000 To $499,999, And $500,000 And Over 82
Table 5-12 U.S. Homes Closed By Ten Leading Domestic Home Builders,2002-2009 (number). 83
Table 5-13 Total U.S. Residential Property Owner Spending On Improvements, Additions, Alterations, And Repairs Andm Residential Spending On Kitchen And Bathroom Remodeling,1977-2009 (dollars) 84
Table 5-14 U.S. Kitchen And Bathroom Remodeling Spending By Ownership Of Residential Property, 1993-2009 (dollars):Kitchen Remodeling, Bathroom Remodeling, And Kitchen And Bathroom Remodeling; Homeowners And Rental Properties 85
Table 5-15 Average U.S. Homeowner Spending On Plumbing Equipment And Repair Services By Demographic Characteristic, 2007 (dollars): Income, Age, Household Size, And Region 86
Table 5-16 Number Of Homeowner Bathroom Jobs By Type And Region, 1999-2007 (number): Added, Renovated Or Remodeled Bathroom, D-I-Y And Contractor Jobs, Jobs By New Owners, And Region. 87
Table 5-17 Distribution Of U.S. Housing Units By Number Of Bathrooms,Total Number Of Residential Bathrooms, And Average Bathrooms Per Unit, 1995-2009 (number). 88
Table 5-18 U.S. Housing Units By Year Built By Region, Before 1960 And 1960-2007 (number). 89
Table 5-19 U.S. Home Mortgage Interest Rates And Personal Income, 1982-2009 (percent and dollars) 90
Table 5-20 Distribution Of U.S. Households By Demographic Characteristic, 1986-2008 (percent): Household Income, Age Of Household Head, Household Size, Region, And Total Households . 91
Table 5-21 Number Of U.S. Commercial Buildings, Their Principal Activity, And Square Feet, 2003 (number). 92
Table 5-22 Number Of U.S. Hotels And Motels, Number Of Guest Rooms,And Lodging Industry Construction Spending, 1987-2008 (number and dollars) 93
Table 5-23 U.S. Recreation Vehicle Shipments, 1987-2010 (number) 94
SECTION 6 TOILET MARKET COST STRUCTURE AND THE COMPETITIVE
ENVIRONMENT 95
Summary Of Major Findings 95
Competitive Environment And Market Shares 95
Leading Competitors 96
Industry Cost Structure And Profit Margins 97
Table 6-1 Operating Ratios And Profit Margins For U.S. Vitreous China Plumbing Fixture Plants, 1987-2009 (percent): Payroll, Other Labor Costs, Material Costs, And Gross Profit Margins . 99
Table 6-2 U.S. Vitreous China Plumbing Fixture Plant Labor Situation,1987-2009 (number, dollars, and percent): Employees,Shipments Per Employee, And Production Worker Average Hourly Wages And Weekly Hours 100
Table 6-3 U.S. Producer Price Trends For Clay, Ceramic, And Refractory Minerals, 1987-2009 (index) 101
Table 6-4 Major U.S. Toilet Manufacturers And Marketers, 2009 (name,brand, and number of WaterSave models) 102