U.S. General Anesthesia Drugs Market (2011 – 2015) – Market entry strategy (Propofol, midazolam, diazepam, fospropofol disodium, sodium pentothal, ketamine, methohexital sodium, pentobarbital, etomidate and fentanyl)

Anesthesia is a condition in which sensation is totally or partially blocked. This enables the patients to undergo medical procedures and surgery. Based on the applications (type of surgery or medical procedure) anesthetic drugs are broadly categorized into two types; i.e. local anesthetic drugs and general anesthetic drugs. Local anesthesia is a condition when sensation within a specific body part in inhibited, where as general anesthesia results in loss of consciousness and sensation.

The anesthesia drugs market research report specially focuses on ketamine market in U.S.A. Under general anesthesia drugs category, drugs such as propofol, midazolam & diazepam, fospropofol disodium, sodium pentothal, ketamine, methohexital sodium, pentobarbital, etomidate and fentanyl are studied. The U.S. general anesthesia market was valued at $2 billion in 2011 and is poised to grow at a CAGR of approximately 4% to reach $2.3 billion by 2015.

Advantages offered by general anesthesia includes - rapid onset of anesthesia, full control of the body processes (airway, respiratory and circulatory system), used in surgeries with unpredictable duration of surgery, no memory of the surgery, allows complete motionlessness over prolonged duration of the surgery and it permits simultaneous operation on different body parts.

Report specially focuses on general intravenous anesthesia drugs. General intravenous anesthesia drugs are less expensive compared to inhalation agents and does not require expensive machines for administration but it is difficult to eliminate them from the body and have more side effects compared to inhalation anesthesia molecules. Intravenous anesthetic drugs accounted for the largest share –65% – of the U.S. general anesthetics drugs market in 2011.

Ketamine is an anesthetic drug mainly used for initiation and maintenance of general anesthesia in humans. It belongs to NMDA receptor antagonist class, which includes molecules that prevent the action of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It blocks the effects of excitatory neurotransmitter at the NMDA receptor, which results in depression of the central nervous system.

In humans, ketamine is generally preferred in the following conditions:

• Emergency or trauma conditions
• Medical history of patients is unknown
• Military and war conditions
• Paediatric surgeries
• Patient suffering from hypovolemia, severe anemia, or cardiovascular compromise
• In treatment of migraine and minor surgeries
• To relieve acute pain
• For the treatment of addition (alcoholism and heroin addiction) and depression

Ketamine has been in the market for the past 41 years. There are four major players of ketamine in the U.S. market. JHP Pharmaceuticals is the only company which offers a branded generic of ketamine – ketalar. Ketalar is expected to maintain its position in the market in the coming five years but with a decreasing share in the market, due to high cost compared to the generic counterparts.

There are two main distribution channels for ketamine in the U.S. In either case, the controlled drug is directly routed to hospitals and outpatient surgery centers on the basis of demand rather than being routed through pharmacies, with detailed documentation at each level. Group Purchasing Organizations (GPOs), an entity which have the purchasing power for a group of hospitals and outpatient surgery centers to earn discounts for their members through collective bargaining, is an important channel for the distribution of ketamine. GPOs accounted for the largest share –89.40% – of the U.S. ketamine distribution market in 2011.

Report includes company profiles of major players such as Abbott laboratories (U.S.), Astrazeneca Plc. (U.K.), Baxter International Inc. (U.S.), Bedford Laboratories (U.S.), Bioniche Pharmaceuticals (U.S.), Eisai Co. Ltd. (Japan), Hospira Inc. (U.S.) and JHP Pharmaceuticals (U.S.).

Table Of Contents

1 MARKET ANALYSIS
1.1 MARKET USAGE
1.1.1 KETAMINE: COMPLETE DETAILS FOR HUMANS IN U.S.
1.1.1.1 Enumeration, by Types
1.1.1.2 Enumeration, by Item
1.2 MARKET SIZE
1.2.1 KETAMINE MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
1.2.1.1 Historical Trend, 2007 – 2011
1.2.1.2 Future Forecast, 2011 – 2015

2 DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE
2.1 OVERALL KETAMINE DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE FOR HUMANS IN U.S.
2.2 IDENTIFICATION OF SALES VOLUME (QTY/TON, USD), 2007 - 2011
2.2.1 IDENTIFICATION, BY MANUFACTURERS
2.2.2 IDENTIFICATION, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
2.3 MAJOR LEGAL TRENDS IN CORPORATE SECTOR
2.3.1 COMPLETE DETAILS PERTAINING TRENDS ASSOCIATED WITH MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICAN NARCOTICS
2.3.1.1 Registration
2.3.1.2 Security
2.3.1.3 Labeling and packaging
2.3.1.4 Inventory
2.3.1.5 Records
2.3.2 COMPLETE DETAILS PERTAINING TRENDS ASSOCIATED WITH VENDORS OF AMERICAN NARCOTICS
2.4 MAIN PRODUCT CATEGORY ENUMERATION
2.4.1 KETAMINE
2.4.2 OTHER BRANDS
2.5 MARKET SHARE, 2007 - 2011
2.5.1 MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PRODUCTS
2.5.2 MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYERS

3 PRODUCT ANALYSIS
3.1 SPECIFIC LOCAL ANESTHETIC MARKET SEGMENTATION IN U.S.
3.2 MARKET SHARE, 2007 - 2011
3.2.1 DETAILED ENUMERATION
3.2.2 MAJOR BRANDS/MOLECULES
3.3 COMPETITION IN U.S.
3.3.1 KEY COMPETITORS
3.3.2 PRICE
3.3.3 MAJOR BRANDS
3.4 LOCAL SALES PRICE
3.4.1 MANUFACTURER PRICE OF KETAMINE (HOSPITALS)
3.5 POTENTIAL BUYERS IN U.S.
3.5.1 POTENTIAL BUYERS, BY EACH STATE

4 KEY INFORMATION
4.1 IMPORT & EXPORT SYSTEMS IN U.S.
4.1.1 IMPORT OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
4.1.1.1 Shipment of controlled substances
4.1.1.2 Applicants for import and export of controlled substances
4.1.2 EXPORT OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
4.1.2.1 Exception for exportation for special scientific purposes
4.1.3 BASED ON TARIFFS
4.1.3.1 Custom Tariff for Import
4.1.4 BASED ON TRANSPORT
4.1.5 CUSTOMS CLEARANCE
4.1.6 NON-TARIFF BARRIERS
4.2 TOP RELATED EXHIBITIONS
4.3 POTENTIAL BUYERS DESCRIPTION

5 COMPANY PROFILES
5.1 ABBOTT LABORATORIES
5.1.1 OVERVIEW
5.1.2 FINANCIALS
5.1.3 PRODUCTS & SERVICES
5.2 ASTRAZENECA PLC
5.2.1 OVERVIEW
5.2.2 FINANCIALS
5.2.3 PRODUCTS & SERVICES
5.3 BAXTER INTERNATIONAL, INC
5.3.1 OVERVIEW
5.3.2 FINANCIALS
5.3.3 PRODUCTS & SERVICES
5.3.4 DEVELOPMENTS
5.4 BEDFORD LABORATORIES
5.4.1 OVERVIEW
5.4.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES
5.5 BIONICHE PHARMACEUTICALS (MYLAN INC)
5.5.1 OVERVIEW
5.5.2 FINANCIALS
5.5.3 PRODUCTS & SERVICES
5.5.4 DEVELOPMENTS
5.6 EISAI CO. LTD
5.6.1 OVERVIEW
5.6.2 FINANCIALS
5.6.3 PRODUCTS & SERVICES
5.6.4 DEVELOPMENTS
5.7 HOSPIRA INC
5.7.1 OVERVIEW
5.7.2 FINANCIALS
5.7.3 PRODUCTS & SERVICES 
5.8 JHP PHARMACEUTICALS LLC
5.8.1 OVERVIEW
5.8.2 FINANCIALS
5.8.3 PRODUCTS & SERVICES

6 STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENTERING U.S. ANESTHESIA MARKET

APPENDIX

List Of Tables

TABLE 1 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET REVENUE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS, 2007 – 2011 ($MILLION)
TABLE 2 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET REVENUE, BY DISTRIBUTORS CHANNELS, 2011 – 2015 ($MILLION)
TABLE 3 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET REVENUE, BY MANUFACTURERS, 2007 - 2011 ($MILLION)
TABLE 4 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET REVENUE, BY MANUFACTURERS, 2011 – 2015 ($MILLION)
TABLE 5 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET, BY MANUFACTURERS, 2007 - 2011 (KILOGRAM)
TABLE 6 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET, BY MANUFACTURERS, 2011 - 2015 (KILOGRAM)
TABLE 7 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET REVENUE, BY GPO’S, 2007 – 2011 ($MILLION)
TABLE 8 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET REVENUE, BY GPO’S, 2011 – 2015 ($MILLION)
TABLE 9 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET, BY GPO’S, 2007 – 2011 (KILOGRAMS)
TABLE 10 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET, BY GPO’S, 2011 – 2015 (KILOGRAMS)
TABLE 11 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET REVENUE, BY DISTRIBUTORS, 2007 - 2011 ($MILLION)
TABLE 12 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET REVENUE, BY DISTRIBUTORS, 2011 - 2015 ($MILLION)
TABLE 13 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET, BY DISTRIBUTORS, 2007 - 2011 (KILOGRAM)
TABLE 14 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET, BY DISTRIBUTORS,  2011 – 2015 (KILOGRAM)
TABLE 15 U.S: ANESTHESIA DRUGS MARKET REVENUE, BY TYPES, 2007 - 2011 ($MILLION)
TABLE 16 U.S: GENERAL ANESTHESIA DRUG MARKET REVENUE, BY TYPES, 2007 - 2011 ($MILLION)
TABLE 17 KETAMINE: COMPETITOR MAJOR BRANDS & MOLECULES
TABLE 18 U.S. GENERAL INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA DRUG MARKET REVENUE, BY MOLECULES, 2007 - 2011 ($MILLION)
TABLE 19 U.S. GENERAL INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA DRUG MARKET REVENUE, BY MOLECULES, 2011 - 2015 ($MILLION)
TABLE 20 GENERAL INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA DRUGS – PRICE, 2011($)
TABLE 21 GENERAL INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA DRUGS – USAGE TRENDS
TABLE 22 MANUFACTURER PRICE OF KETAMINE, 2011 ($)
TABLE 23 GROUP PURCHASING ORGANIZATIONS, BY STATES
TABLE 24 DISTRIBUTORS, BY STATES
TABLE 25 HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE FOR ANESTHESIA DRUGS
TABLE 26 ANESTHESIA MOLECULES: CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICES (CAS) NUMBERS
TABLE 27 REPRESENTATIVE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (U.S. & SOUTH KOREA)
TABLE 28 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
TABLE 29 ANESTHESIA EXHIBITIONS
TABLE 30 POTENTIAL GROUP PURCHASING ORGANIZATIONS
TABLE 31 POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTORS
TABLE 32 ABBOTT: TOTAL REVENUE AND R&D EXPENSES,  2009 - 2011 ($MILLION)
TABLE 33 ABBOTT: TOTAL REVENUE, BY SEGMENTS, 2008 - 2010 ($MILLION)
TABLE 34 ABBOTT: TOTAL REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2008 - 2010 ($MILLION)
TABLE 35 ASTRAZENECA PLC: TOTAL REVENUE AND R&D EXPENSES,  2008 - 2010 ($MILLION)
TABLE 36 ASTRAZENECA PLC: TOTAL REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2008 - 2010 ($MILLION)
TABLE 37 ASTRAZENECA PLC: TOTAL REVENUE, BY SEGMENTS, 2008 - 2010($MILLION)
TABLE 38 BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC: TOTAL REVENUE AND R&D EXPENSES, 2008 - 2010 ($MILLION)
TABLE 39 BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC: TOTAL REVENUE, BY SEGMENTS, 2008 - 2010 ($MILLION)
TABLE 40 BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC: TOTAL REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2008 - 2010 ($MILLION)
TABLE 41 EISAI CO. LTD: TOTAL SALES AND R&D EXPENSES, 2008 - 2010 ($MILLION)
TABLE 42 EISAI CO. LTD: TOTAL SALES, BY SEGMENTS, 2008 – 2010 ($MILLION)
TABLE 43 EISAI CO. LTD: TOTAL SALES, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2008 – 2010 ($MILLION)
TABLE 44 HOSPIRA INC: TOTAL REVENUE AND R&D EXPENSES, 2009 - 2011 ($MILLION)
TABLE 45 HOSPIRA INC: TOTAL REVENUE, BY SEGMENTS, 2008 - 2010 ($MILLION)
TABLE 46 HOSPIRA INC: TOTAL REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2008 - 2010 ($MILLION)

List Of Figures

FIGURE 1 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET REVENUE, 2007 & 2015 ($MILLION)
FIGURE 2 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET REVENUE, BY ITEM, 2007 & 2015 ($MILLION)
FIGURE 3 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET REVENUE, 2007 - 2011 ($MILLION)
FIGURE 4 KETAMINE U.S. MARKET REVENUE, 2011 - 2015 ($MILLION)
FIGURE 5 DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE
FIGURE 6 KETAMINE MARKET SHARE, BY GPO’S, 2011
FIGURE 7 KETAMINE MARKET SHARE, BY DISTRIBUTORS, 2011
FIGURE 8 KETAMINE MARKET REVENUE, BY BRANDS, 2007 - 2015 ($MILLION)
FIGURE 9 MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PRODUCTS, 2007 VS 2011
FIGURE 10 KETAMINE VALUE MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYERS, 2007 VS 2011
FIGURE 11 KETAMINE VOLUME MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYERS, 2007 VS 2011
FIGURE 12 ANESTHESIA DRUGS MARKET SEGMENTATION
FIGURE 13 PRESENCE OF ANESTHESIA SPECIALISTS IN U.S., BY STATES, 2007
FIGURE 14 ANESTHESIA LANDSCAPE
FIGURE 15 U.S. ANESTHESIA DRUGS MARKET REVENUE, BY TYPES, 2005 – 2015 ($MILLION)
FIGURE 16 GENERAL ANESTHESIA DRUGS MARKET SEGMENTATION
FIGURE 17 MARKET SIZE, BY MOLECULES, 2007 - 2011 ($MILLION)
FIGURE 18 MARKET SHARE, BY COMPETITOR MOLECULES, 2007 VS 2011
FIGURE 19 PROPERTIES OF INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA DRUGS
FIGURE 20 GENERAL INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA DRUG MARKET REVENUE, BY MOLECULES, 2010 ($MILLION)
FIGURE 21 CUSTOM CLEARANCE PROCEDURE FOR IMPORT
FIGURE 22 EXPORT CUSTOM CLEARANCE PROCEDURE
FIGURE 23 BUSINESS STRATEGY